Indigenous Knowledge
Milad Parniyani; Jamshid Ghashang
Abstract
The Qanats of Khorasan were the driving force of two important cultural indicators: knowledge and lifestyle. The knowledge of Qanat included sciences that were based on engineering and geology and were inherited from one generation to the next. On the other hand, around the Qanat, a culture was formed ...
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The Qanats of Khorasan were the driving force of two important cultural indicators: knowledge and lifestyle. The knowledge of Qanat included sciences that were based on engineering and geology and were inherited from one generation to the next. On the other hand, around the Qanat, a culture was formed that promoted adaptation to drought, contentment in water consumption, and the benefit of collective work, and it had become the lifestyle of Khorasan people. This culture was alive and dynamic until the beginning of the modern era, but with the entry into the modern era and the decline of the Qanatic civilization, the Qanats of Khorasan were destroyed and its surrounding culture was also destroyed. The present article is limited to the geography of Khorasan in order to deal with more details of the historical developments of the Qanat in one of Iran's Qanat-rich provinces and to obtain a better understanding of the overall issue of the Qanat. The main question is what is the history of Qanat in Khorasan and what kind of culture was it? According to the nature of the subject, descriptive and analytical methods will be used in the evaluation of historical and geographical data.
Indigenous Knowledge
Seyed Ali Mazinani; Seyyed Mohammad-Reza Mazinani
Abstract
Considering the maritime culture of the northern coasts of the Persian Gulf and Bushir’s people reveals a full geographic, economic, and demographic marine cycle. The cycle is integrated into a greater geographic area extended from the Red Sea to the South China Sea and starched back well into ...
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Considering the maritime culture of the northern coasts of the Persian Gulf and Bushir’s people reveals a full geographic, economic, and demographic marine cycle. The cycle is integrated into a greater geographic area extended from the Red Sea to the South China Sea and starched back well into millennia. The main problem to this survey is the ways through which that maritime culture led to shape a specific form of dispositions, system of knowledge, lived experiences, information network. Accordingly, the present article will discuss Bushir people’s dispositions at first. Afterwards it will depict their information network through following categories, navigation, oceanography, marine goods knowledge, pearl hunting, and ship-making industries. Data collecting process in this text is library-based and, meanwhile, data analyzing will be subjected to a descriptive-explicative method. It is supposed that the present text elucidates successfully the maritime network and heritage of Bushehr in the both technical features and its impacts on the social life of that littoral population.
Vahid Rashidvash; Hassan Yousefinezhad
Abstract
The methods of cooperation and cooperation have long been common in the rural communities of Iran, and despite the changes that have occurred in rural communities over the years, there are still various forms of cooperation and cooperation among many Lor, Kurd, and, etc. can be seen. The purpose of this ...
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The methods of cooperation and cooperation have long been common in the rural communities of Iran, and despite the changes that have occurred in rural communities over the years, there are still various forms of cooperation and cooperation among many Lor, Kurd, and, etc. can be seen. The purpose of this research is to analyze the traditional ways of cooperation in the agricultural culture of the people of Jafar Abad village, Sivan district of Ilam city, using the theory of functionalism and the theory of exchange. In the interview method, the researcher conducted a purposeful and snowball method by selecting 21 people who had sufficient information on the topic in question. The obtained results show that before planting crops and in order to observe justice in the common people's enjoyment of the possibility of God-given village, by drawing lots (Tirpeshk), dividing the land (Zahmin Bahsh) in The planting phase of the crop is done by group plowing method (pair herd), in the starting phase by the method of escaping harmful animals for the field (Veraz Rav) and in the harvesting phase by methods such as group reaping, group threshing, cleaning the crop to The group form is used.
maryam dehqan; mohammad ebrahim zarei
Abstract
Dinavar is located in the east of Kermānshāh province. The natural features of this area and the human changes have created its cultural landscape. Today's Landscape shows agricultural machinery. Nevertheless, there are still signs of traditional. The abundance of indigenous species of bees has led ...
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Dinavar is located in the east of Kermānshāh province. The natural features of this area and the human changes have created its cultural landscape. Today's Landscape shows agricultural machinery. Nevertheless, there are still signs of traditional. The abundance of indigenous species of bees has led to an increase in human knowledge of this insect and to find ways to exploit it more. The beekeeping culture in Dinavar region is the result of this knowledge. How this culture is the most important question of this research. According to preliminary evidences, it is hypothesized that Dinavar beekeeping culture is carried out in the form of elementary and complementary economic activities. The main purpose of this research is to introduce this culture and its conservation strategies. This research, which is of qualitative-descriptive type and is conducted field by interview, observation and audio-visual method, is related to beekeeping climate calendar, structures and related objects and related concepts. Studies have shown that the beliefs, values and practices are in the process of being forgotten by human interventions and the beekeepers' culture in the area will soon disappear with the use of modern methods or similar to the rest of the world. Therefore, it is suggested that, due to the environmental power of Dinavar area, the production of organic honey will be promoted by combining traditional and modern techniques among the mountainous regions, and the introduction of the beekeeping culture of this area will be introduced as an ecotourism draw.
Asghar Asgari Khaneghah; Atiyeh Azarshab; Behrouz Roustakhiz
Abstract
The present paper studies the local and traditional food system of Baloch residents in Damen. The purpose of this study is to describe the food system of these people, determine and evaluate its constitutive elements and mechanisms existing in this traditional food system. The present study ...
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The present paper studies the local and traditional food system of Baloch residents in Damen. The purpose of this study is to describe the food system of these people, determine and evaluate its constitutive elements and mechanisms existing in this traditional food system. The present study has been carried out using the qualitative method of ethnography and in it the techniques such as interviews, observation and participatory observation have been used. Our study in this traditional system represents a significant impact on the natural environment of residents, as well as the involvement of cultural and social factors in shaping a native food system in this region. In fact, in this close relationship between food and natural, cultural, social and economic factors, a set of concepts is constantly produced and reproduced, which eventually led to the identification of local cuisine and village residents. In general, by examining the whole mentioned factors, some kind of food culture has become prominent among the people of the village, which has been the basis for identifying and distinguishing this people from other parts.
sayyed Mohammad Chavoshi; jalaledin rafifar
Abstract
Gut, The Traditional Settlement in Sangesari clans in summer posture The aim of this article is not only to describe the material, technological and structural characteristics of sangesari tent but also to analyze its different spaces ecoculturally at the basis of an qualitative-field study in ethnographic ...
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Gut, The Traditional Settlement in Sangesari clans in summer posture The aim of this article is not only to describe the material, technological and structural characteristics of sangesari tent but also to analyze its different spaces ecoculturally at the basis of an qualitative-field study in ethnographic approach that is directed on nine sangesari nomadic pastoral clans who are still living in traditional manner. Our fields were camping period postures of the clans and beyond available documents the data were gathered via some ethnographic techniques such as fields three month attendance, simple direct observation, participatory observation and individual, group, open and semi structural interviews. Althought multioriented theoretically, this study concentrates mainly on environment and techniques as the most contributive factors in shaping cultures. thematically The findings include a fine description of material structure of tent, traditional techniques for construing the woolen cover of tent and ethnographical analysis of inner and surrounding different spaces of tent in relation to physical and cultural environments. Adding analytical cultural accounts to descriptional ones is an advantage of this study over the previous pure desciptional studies by other invistigators. The most important result of this study is that the technologies related to structing, settling and space dividing in inside and outsidesangesari tent are in a meaningful relationship to ecological characteristics and also to other cultural elements such as power, subsistency, family, labour division and kinship.
asghar asgari khanegah; Atefeh bahadori Nejad
Abstract
Abstract Women's clothing has witnessed remarkable changes in history. Among all these coverings, chador bears a special significance. The developments that have rose as a result of changes in the form and usage of this covering has always been appealing to critics and researchers. This covering has ...
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Abstract Women's clothing has witnessed remarkable changes in history. Among all these coverings, chador bears a special significance. The developments that have rose as a result of changes in the form and usage of this covering has always been appealing to critics and researchers. This covering has represented its wearer's social, political, economic, and religious character; hence, researchers of different social sciences have always argued for or against this covering. This article explores the reasons as to why this covering witnessed changes, particularly in the past decade. It further demonstrates the developments and changes from a traditional chador to the modern forms. The present study was conducted in an academic environment (Islamic Azad University, Tehran Central Branch), and the subjects were students aged from 20 to 35. The research is conducted using qualitative methodology, direct observation, external sources (library deeds and documents), research tools (camera, tape recorder, etc.). The results of this anthropological look and field research show that during the past decade, change of chador patterns from its traditional form to modern has created new thoughts about this covering. The change of form and size of chadors reveals some secret layers in the thoughts of today’s women and girls. This has led some of them to feel sorry about and some other to feel proud of being a woman in the studied population. Though anthropology is not obliged to provide solutions and suggestions, we should not overlook the results of this research which is the overall opinion of women about chador or Islamic hijab. In this paper, the thoughts of functionalist theorists, particularly those of Beranislaw Malinowski are used. Despite the changes in Islamic covering, it can be said that women themselves are the main factors in such development.
