Document Type : Research Paper
Authors
1 Masters of Islamic Art; field of study: Calligraphy and Paintings, Faculty of Art, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran.
2 Assistant Professor, Faculty of Art, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
Abstract
Niello is a decorative technique on the engraving surface of silver and gold metal and that usually use to create contrast and look good of engraving motifs on metal surface. Today, Tabriz Armenian and the Ahwaz Mandaean craftsmen inherit this art that has been forgotten. This art is known between the two nations under different titles. The importance of the stated issue has made the necessity of doing the present study. Therefore, identifying the Combinations and the structure of the Tabriz Armenian Niello alloy and the black enamel of Ahwaz Mandaean and identifying the technical Similarities and differences between the alloys and how two native tribe are made this, has been considered as the main purpose of study. In this way library, documentary, and field data are analyzed and evaluated with descriptive-analytical-comparative approach and the results of the study show that the combination of the Tabriz Armenian Niello alloy and the black enamel of Ahwaz Mandaean is done with little detail and Armenian Niello include of silver, copper, lead, and sulfur while the lead Combination and lead-free (No lead) Combination are common among the Ahwaz Mandaean craftsmen.
Keywords
- Boyd. Susan. Mundell Mango. Marila. (1986). Ecclesiastical silver plate in sixth- century bizantium, Dumbarton oaks research library and collection Washington, D. C.
- Scott, David. (2002). Copper and bronze in art corrosion. Colorants, conservation.
- Brepohl, Erhard. (2001). Niello metal mixture, Ganoksin Jewelry making Available from: https://www.ganoksin.com/article/niello-metal-mixture/ (access date: 2020/02/10).
- Clarc, CSM IMG, Donald. (No Date), Jewelry metals 101: Gold, Silver and Platinum. International GEM society, Available from: Http://www.gemsociety.org/article/fundametals-jewelery-metals-overview/ (access date: 2020/02/10).
- Birnaz. (2018). Van ilinde Savat teknigi ile urutilen gumush takilar. Ulakbilge.cilt 6. Sayi 25. 737- 760.
- Healy. John. (1990). Pliny the elder on science and technology. Oxford university press.
- Alison. (1995). Russian folk art. Indiana university press.
- Kusoglu, M. Zeki. (No Date), metal engraving, Turkish culture portal. Available from: http://www.turkishculture.org/applied-arts/metal-artwork/metal-engraving-141.htm(access date: 2020/02/10).
- La Niece. Susan. (1983). Niello: a historical and technical survey, the antique arts journal. 279- 297.
- Newman, R. Dennis, J. R. Farrell, E. (1982), A technical note on Niello. Journal of the American institute for conservation. Volume 21, Number 2, PP. 80- 85. Available from: http://cool.conservation-us.org/jaic/articles/jaic21-02-006.html (access date: 2020/02/10).
- No Name1. (2018/09/29), Niello, Available from:
https://theodora.com/encyclopedia/n/niello.html (access date: 2020/02/10).
- No Name2. (2020/01/18), Niello, Available from:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niello#Kievan_Rus_and_Russia (access date: 2020/02/17).
- No Name3. (No Date), Niello ware in Thailand. Process, Available from:
http://www.rubenvasquez.com/niello/process.htm (access date: 2020/02/10).
- No Name4. (No Date), Niello, Antique Jewelry University. Available from:
https://www.langantiques.com/university/niello/ (access date: 2020/02/10).
- No Name5. (No Date), Niello, Encyclopedia Britannica. Available from:
https://www.britannica.com/art/niello (access date: 2020/02/10).
- Giorgio. (2012). Vasari on technique. Dover publicatings. Inc. New York.
منابع تصاویر
- https://www.bonhams.com/auctions/24755/lot/60/?category=list (access date: 2020/02/10).
- https://www.instahu.net/p/1459618517632867594_1490296170 (access date: 2020/02/10).
- https://www.instahu.net/p/1705317187118870511_1490296170 (access date: 2020/02/10).
)