Document Type : Research Paper
Authors
1 School of Environment, College of Engineering, University of Tehran
2 College of Technology, University of Houston
3 Faculty of Architecture and Urbanism, Tabriz Islamic Art University
Abstract
Sustainable-integrated structural, functional, and management systems of water resources with emphasis on understanding the dynamics and co-evolution of coupled human-water systems have created concepts such as environmental hydrology, social hydrology, water sociology, etc. The evolution of the science of hydrology based on the theory of socio-ecological systems faces various challenges, including missing ring of social capital, local management, and regeneration of ecological wisdom governing the common resource, which requires the recognition of the semantic interaction and co-evolution of ecological wisdom and social hydrology. The current descriptive-analytical research formulates a conceptual framework for the development of social hydrology based on ecological wisdom intellectual foundation governing the ancient hydraulic heritage. The analysis of commonalities and differences in ecological wisdom, social hydrology, and their study paths based on comparative analysis emphasizes the realization of new insight in light of ecological wisdom, which, while linking procedural and conceptual approaches, provides a framework for the coupled systems co-evolution, with the potential to fully understand complexities, connections, and feedbacks, transform conflicts into interactions, analyze past events, strengthen the participation of stakeholders, predict long-term consequences of today's decisions, and facilitate the policymaking, decision-making processes, and formulation of efficient management strategies at various local, national, and regional scales.
Keywords
- Angelakis, A. N., Valipour, M., Choo, K.-H., Ahmed, A. T., Baba, A., Kumar, R.,... Wang, Z. (2021). Desalination: from ancient to present and future. Water, 13(16), 2222.
- Azimi, S., Moghaddam, M.A. & Monfared, S.A.H. (2018). Spatial assessment of the potential of groundwater quality using fuzzy AHP in GIS. Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 11(7), 142-157
- Berkes, F., J. Colding, & C. Folke, eds. (2003). Navigating social–ecological systems: Building resiliency for complexity and change. New York: Cambridge University
- Bernard-Jannin, L., Sun, X., Teissier, S., Sauvage, S., & Sanchez-Perez, J.M. (2017). Spatiotemporal analysis of factors controlling nitrate dynamics and potential denitrification hot spots and hot moments in groundwater of an alluvial floodplain. Ecological Engineering, 103, 372–384.
- Bishop, (2019). Classifying human interventions in nature as a framework for ecological wisdom development. In Ecological Wisdom (pp. 69-86). Springer
- Blair, P., & Buytaert, W. (2016). Socio-hydrological modelling: a review asking “why, what and how?”.Hydrology and Earth System Sciences. 20, 443-478.
- Calheiros, D.F., A.F. Seidl, & C.J.A. Ferreira. (2000). Participatory research methods in environmental science: Local and scientific knowledge of a limnological phenomenon in the Pantanal Wetland of Brazil. Journal of Applied Ecology, 37(4), 684–96.
- Chamine, H.I. (2015). Water Resources Meet Sustainability: New Trends in Environmental Hydrogeology and Groundwater Engineering. Environmental Earth Sciences, 73, 2513–2520. 10.1007/s12665-014- 3986-y
- X., Wang, D., Tian, F., & Sivapalan, M. (2016). From channelization to restoration: Sociohydrologic modeling with changing community preferences in the Kissimmee River Basin, Florida. Water Resources Research, 52(2), 1227-1244.
- Durán-Sánchez, A., Del Río-Rama, M., de la, C., Álvarez-García, J., & García-Vélez, D.F. (2019). Mapping of scientific coverage on education for Entrepreneurship in Higher Education. Enterprising Communities People Places Glob. Econ, 13, 84–104.
- Egan, D., & Howell, E.A. (2001). The historical ecology handbook: a restorationist’s guide to reference ecosystems. Island Press, Washington
- Escriva-Bou, A., Lund, J.R., & Pulido-Velazquez, M. (2018). Saving energy from urban water demand management. Water Resour. Res, 54, 4265–4276.
- Finger, M., & Verlaan, P. (1995). Learning our way out: A conceptual framework for social-environmental learning. World Development 23(3), 503–13.
- Fletcher, T. D., Shuster, W., Hunt, W. F., Ashley, R., Butler, D., Arthur, S., et al. (2014). SUDS LID BMPs WSUD and more—the evolution and application ofterminology surrounding urban drainage. Urban Water Journal, 12(7), 525-542.
- Fortmann, L., ed. (2008). Participatory research in conservation and rural livelihoods: Doing science together. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell.
- Foster, D.R. (2000). Conservation lessons and challenges from ecological history.Forest History Today (fall): 2–11.
- Greenwood, D. J., & Levin, M. (1998). Introduction to action research: Social research for social change. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications.
- Gaventa, J. (1993). The powerful, the powerless, and the experts: knowledge struggles in an information age. In P. Park, M. Brydon-Miller, B. Hall, & T. Jackson (Eds.). Voices of change. Participatory research in the United States and Canada (pp. 21–40). Westport, : Bergin & Garvey.
- Gaventa, J. (1988). Participatory research in North America. Convergence 24 (2-3), 19–28.
- Hjorth, P. & Madani, K. (2014). Sustainability monitoring and assessment: New challenges require new thinking. Water Resour. Plan. Manag, 140, 133–135.
- Hjorth, P., & Madani, K. (2013). Systems Analysis to Promote Frames and Mental Models for Sustainable Water Management. In Proceedings of the 3rdWorld Sustainability Forum, Basel, Switzerland, 1–30 November p. f003.
- Hornberger, G.M., & Perrone, D. (2019).Water Resources: Science and Society. Johns Hopkins University Press: Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Housh, M., Cai, X., Ng, T.L., McIsaac, G.F., Ouyang, Y., Khanna, M., Sivapalan, M., Jain, A.K., Eckho_, S., Gasteyer, S., & et al. (2015). System of systems model for analysis of biofuel development. Infrastruct. Syst. 21, 04014050.
- Innes, J. E., & Booher, D. E. (2018). Planning with complexity: An introduction to collaborative rationality for public policy: Routledge.
- Khan, S., Dialynas, E., Kasaraneni, V., & Angelakis, A. (2020). Similarities of Minoan and Indus Valley hydro-technologies. Sustainability, 12(12), 4897.
- Krasny, E., C. Lundholm, & R. Plummer. (2010a). Resilience in social–ecological systems: The roles of learning and education. Environmental Education Research, 16(5–6), 463–74
- Kurtz, C.F., & Snowden, D.J. (2003). The new dynamics of strategy: Sense-making in a complex and complicated world. IBM Syst. J., 42, 462–483.
- Lane, S.N. (2014). Acting, predicting and intervening in a sociohydrological world. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 18, 927-952.
- Lave, J., & Wenger, E. (1991). Situated learning. Legitimate peripheral participation. Cambridge: Cambridge University
- Levy, M. C., Garcia, M., Blair, P., Chen, X., Gomes, S. L., Gower, D. B., ... & Marston, L. (2016). Wicked but worth it: student perspectives on socio-hydrology. Process, 30(9), 1467-1472
- Liu, Y., Tian, F., Hu, H., & Sivapalan, M. (2014). Socio-hydrologic perspectives of the co-evolution of humans and water in the Tarim River Basin, Western China: the Taiji–Tire Model, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 18, 1289–1303, doi:10.5194/hess-18-1289- 2014.
- Lund, J.R. (2015). Integrating social and physical sciences in water management. Water Resour. Res., 51, 5905–5918.
- Madani, K., & Shafiee-Jood, M. (2020). Socio-hydrology: a new understanding to unite or a new science to divide? Water, 12(7), 1941-1956.
- Madani, K.; Khatami, S. (2015). Water for energy: Inconsistent assessment standards and inability to judge properly, Sustain. Energy Rep, 2, 10–16.
- McCurley, K.L., & Jawitz, J.W. (2017). Hyphenated hydrology: Interdisciplinary evolution of water resource science. Water Resour. Res., 53, 2972–2982.
- Megdiche-Kharrat, F., Zheng, X. Y., Moussa, M., Famin, Z., & Angelakis, A. N. (2020). Historic hydraulic works: paradigms of traditional good water governance, integrity and sustainability. Water Supply, 20(7), 2484-2498.
- Milly, P.C., Betancourt, J., Falkenmark, M., Hirsch, R.M., Kundzewicz, Z.W., Lettenmaier, D.P., & Stouffer, R.J. (2008). Stationarity is dead: Whither water management? Science, 319, 573-574.
- Minkler, M., & Wallerstein, N. (2003(. Community-based participatory research for health. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
- Mirchi, A., Watkins, D.J., & Madani, K. (2010). Modeling for watershed planning, management, and decision making.In Watersheds: Management, Restoration and Environmental Impact; Nova Science Pub Inc.: London, UK, ISBN 9781616686673.
- Mondal, , Bandyopadhyay, J., & Chowdhury, P. (2019). A GIS based DRASTIC model for assessing groundwater vulnerability in Jangalmahal area, West Bengal, India. Sustainable Water Resources Management, 5(2), 557-573.
- Nelson, N., & S. Wright. eds. (1995). Power and participatory development: Theory and practice. London: Immediate Technology Productions.
- Pande, S., & Sivapalan, M. (2016). Progress in socio-hydrology: A meta-analysis of challenges and opportunities. WIREs Water, 4, e1193.
- Park, P., M. Brydon-Miller, & B. Hall. (1993). Voices of change: Participatory research in the United States and Canada. Westport, CT: Bergin and Gravey.
- Parsons, M., Nalau, J., Fisher, K., & Brown, C. (2019). Disrupting path dependency: making room for Indigenous knowledge in river management. Glob Environ Change, 56, 95-113.
- Patten, D. T. (2016). The role of ecological wisdom in managing for sustainable interdependent urban and natural ecosystems. Landscape and Urban Planning, 155, 3-10.
- Pickett, S. T., Cadenasso, M. L., Childers, D. L., McDonnell, M. J., & Zhou, W. (2016). Evolution and future of urban ecological science: ecology in, of, and for the city. Ecosystem health and Sustainability, 2(7), e01229.
- Radaei, M., Salehi, E., Faryadi, S., Masnavi, M. R., & Zebardast, L. (2020). Ecological wisdom, a social–ecological approach to environmental planning with an emphasis on water resources: the case of Qanat Hydraulic Structure (QHS) in a desert city of Iran. Environment, development and sustainability, 1-22.
- Ray, S., & Ray, A. (2019). Major ground water development issues in South Asia: an overview. Ground Water Development-Issues and Sustainable Solutions, 3-11.
- Reason, P., & H. Bradbury. eds. (2006). Handbook of action research. ondon/ Thousand Oaks, CA/New Delhi: Sage.
- Reid, A., Bruun Jensen, B., Nikel, J., & Simovska, V. (2008). Participation and learning:Developing perspectives on education and the environment, Health and Sustainability. In Participation and learning: Perspectives on education and the environment, health and sustainability, ed. A. Reid, B. Bruun Jensen, J. Nikel, and V. Simovska, 1–18. The Netherlands: Springer.
- Ringler, C., & Cai, X. (2006). Valuing fisheries and wetlands using integrated economic-hydrologic modeling—Mekong river basin. Water Resour. Plan. Manag, 132, 480–487.
- Rittel, H. W., & Webber, M. M. (1973). Dilemmas in a general theory of planning. Policy sciences, 4(2), 155-169.
- Rocheleau, D. (1994). Participatory research and the race to save the planet: Questions, critique, and lessons from the field. Agriculture and Human Values 11(2–3), 4–25.
- Rosenberg, D.E. & Madani, K. (2014). Water resources systems analysis: A bright past and a challenging but promising future. Water Resour. Plan. Manag, 140, 407–409.
- Schlueter, M., Mcallister, R.R., Arlinghaus, R., Bunnefeld, N., Eisenack, K., Hoelker, F., Milner-Gulland, E.J., Müller, B., Nicholson, E., & Quaas, M. (2012). New horizons for managing the environment: A review of coupled social-ecological systems modeling. Natural Resource Modeling, 25(1), 219-272
- Scott, C., Vicuña, S., Blanco-Gutiérrez, , Meza, F., & VarelaOrtega, C. (2013). Irrigation efficiency and water-policy implications for river-basin resilience. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 18(4), 1339-1348
- Sivapalan, M., Konar, M., Srinivasan, V., Chhatre, A., Wutich, A.,
- Scott, C., Wescoat, J.L., & Rodríguez-Iturbe, (2014). Socio hydrology: Use-inspired water sustaninability science for the Anthropocene. Earth's Future, 2(4), 225-230.
- Sivapalan, M., Savenije, H.H.G., & Blöschl, G. (2012). Sociohydrology: A new science of people and water. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 26,1270-1276.
- Sheppard, E., & McMaster, R. B. (2008). Scale and geographic inquiry: Nature, society, and method: John Wiley & Sons.
- Srinivasan, V. (2015). Reimagining the past–use of counterfactual trajectories in socio-hydrological modelling: The case of Chennai, India. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 19(2),785-801.
- Srinivasan, V., Lambin, E.F., Gorelick, S.M., Thompson, B.H., & Rozelle, S. (2012). The nature and causes of the global water crisis: Syndromes from a meta-analysis of coupled human-water studies. Water Resources Research, 48:W10516
- Steiner, F. (2014). Frontiers in urban ecological design and planning research. Landscape and Urban Planning, 125, 304-311
- Troy, T.J., Pavao-Zuckerman, M., & Evans, T.P. (2015b). Debates perspectives on socio-hydrology: Sociohydrologic modeling: Tradeoffs, hypothesis testing, and validation. Water Resources Research, 51, 4806-4814.
- Vallenga, D., Grypdonck, M., Hoogwerf, L., & Tan, F. (2009). Action research: What, why and how? Acta Neurologica Belgica, 109, 81–90.
- Viglione, A., Di Baldassarre, G., Brandimarte, L., Kuil, L., Carr, G., Salinas, J.L., Scolobig, A., & Blöschl, G. (2014). Insights from socio-hydrology modelling on dealing with flood risk-roles of collective memory, risk-taking attitude and trust. Journal of Hydrology, 518, 71-82.
- Vigneswaran, S., & Sivapalan, M. (2014). Sociohydrologic drivers of the pendulum swing between agricultural development and environmental health: a case study from Murrumbidgee River basin, Australia. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 18, 1027-1041.
- Wang, X., Palazzo, D., & Carper, M. (2016a). “Ecological wisdom as an emerging field of scholarly inquiry in urban planning and design”. Landscape and Urban Planning, 155, 100–107.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2016.05.019.
- Wesselink, A., Kooy, M., & Warner, J. (2017). Socio-hydrology and hydrosocial analysis: toward dialogues across disciplines. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Water, 4(2), e1196.
- Whyte, W. F., Greenwood, D. J., & Lazes, P. (1991). Participatory action research: through practice to science in social research. In W. F. Whyte (Ed.). Participatory action research (pp. 19–55). Newbury Park: Sage Publications.
- Wilmsen, C., Elmendorf, W., Fisher, L., Ross, J., Sarathy, B., Wells, G., &eds. (2008). Partnerships for empowerment: Participatory research for community-based natural resource management. London: Earthscan.
- Xiang, W.N. (2014). Ecological Wisdom for Urban Sustainability: Doing real and permanent good in ecological practice. Landscape and Urban Planning, 121, 65–69.
- Young, R. F., & Lieberknecht, K. (2019). From smart cities to wise cities: ecological wisdom as a basis for sustainable urban development. Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, 62(10), 1675-1692.
- Zanetell, B. A., & Knuth, B. A. (2002). Knowledge partnerships: rapid rural appraisal's role in catalyzing community-based management in Venezuela. Society &Natural Resources, 15(9), 805-825.
- Radaei, M., Salehi, E., Faryadi, S., Masnavi, M. R., & Zebardast, L. (2020). Recognition of Ecological Wisdom Principles in the ancient Hydraulic structures of Desert Cities (Case Study: Vaghf-abad Qanat of Yazd). Indigenous Knowledge, 7(13), 1-51. doi:10.22054/2020.53633.1219. [in persian].
- Radaei, M., Salehi, E., Faryadi, S., Masnavi, M. R., & Zebardast, L. (2021). Expanding Ecological Wisdom through Social Learning in Planning of Resilient Cities. Environmental Education and Sustainable Development.xxx. [in persian].