Document Type : Research Paper
Authors
1 Ph.D. in Range science and engineering, Department of Rangeland Management, Faculty of rangland and watershed management, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan
2 Associate Professor, Department of Rangeland Management, Faculty of rangeland and watershed management, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran.
3 Associate Professor, Department of Agricultural Extension and Education, Faculty of agricultural management, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran.
Abstract
Indigenous knowledge refers to the collective beliefs, values, tools, methods, and experiences of an ethnic group shaped by their interaction with the environment over time. The province of Gilan is a historic center of livestock husbandry in Iran, and its knowledge plays an important role in optimizing the use of natural ecosystems. The information for this survey was collected using ethnographic methods, including interviews and participant observation. The results show that livestock farmers have gained valuable experience in the different aspects of herd management, nutrition and housing of the animals. By carefully choosing grazing patterns, following seasonal grazing practices and paying attention to the composition and segregation of the herd, they have demonstrated remarkable competence in managing their ecosystems in a sustainable manner. Indigenous knowledge of animal nutrition includes identification of the predominant fodder plant including Poaceae and Leguminosae, the nutritional needs of pregnant and newborn animals, use of salt licks, crop residues and winter storage of feed. Moreover, knowledge of livestock housing is essential to optimizing the use of resources. Indigenous communities have gained a deep understanding of their country's strengths and weaknesses through constant interaction with nature and a systematic approach to planning and organization ensures its survival.
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