Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Department of Architecture, Par.C., Islamic Azad University, Pardis, Iran.

2 Department of Restoration, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran.

Abstract

Industrial architectural heritage is a relatively modern concept whose preservation requires a comprehensive understanding of the values of this heritage. In recent decades, the introduction of new concepts has led to the expansion of the concept of industrial heritage, with new values and turning the conservation process into an interdisciplinary category. Therefore, it is a necessity to change the procedure to use different sciences in heritage protection. The purpose of this article is to attempt to identify the values of the defensive architecture of industrial heritage, from the perspective of the architectural teachings of passive defense. This article, in terms of the triple paradigms of research in the positivist category, in terms of its type, outcome, and results is applied, in terms of the implementation process is qualitative with an interpretative perspective, and in terms of its purpose, it has a descriptive-analytical approach and is consistent with a case study. The results of this research are to formulate the values of the defense architecture of industrial heritage in two dimensions: environment and environed, in order to adopt technical measures to reduce the damages, improve the current situation, and utilize the capacities of this heritage in terms of crisis.

Keywords

Main Subjects

Amirhajloo, Saeed, and Saghae, Basira. (2021). "An Investigation of the Strategies of Passive Defense in the Spatial Organization and Architecture Features of the Old Mourcheh Khort Citadel."Journal of Architecture in Hot and Dry Climate, 9(13), 217-241. (In Persian)
- Asgharyan Jeddi, Ahmad, and Mirhashemi Routeh, Seyed Ehsan. (2015). Defense Lessons from Tehran Missile Launch Documentation: Passive Defense, Decentralization, and Their Impact on Reducing Tehran’s Vulnerability. Tehran: Shahid Beheshti University. (In Persian)
- Asgharyan Jeddi, Ahmad, and Mirhashemi Routeh, S.Ehsan. (2015). "Indigenous Knowledge of Passive Defense in Iranian Historical Architecture and Urbanism."Semiannual Journal ofIndigenous Knowledge Iran,2(3), 7-42. (In Persian)
- Asgharyan Jeddi, Ahmad. (2007). Architectural Requirements in SustainablePassive Defense. Tehran: Shahid Beheshti University. (In Persian)
- Asgharyan Jeddi, Ahmad. (1995). "Passive Defense in Bam Citadel." Soffeh,5(2), 68-77. (In Persian)
- Bazargan, Abbas. (2008). An Introduction to Qualitative and Mixed MethodsResearch. Tehran: Didar Publication. (In Persian)
- Danaeinia, Ahmad, and Majidi, Morteza. (2022). "Evaluation of Entrance Design Indicators of Metro Station in the Historical Context of Tehran, According to Passive Defense Principles."Motaleate Shahri, 9(33), 39-50. (In Persian)
- Doolabi, Shima, and Salim, Mohammad Nabi. (2023). "Tazareh Damghan Stone Fortress: A Defensive and Multi-Purpose Structure."Semiannual Journal ofIndigenous Knowledge Iran,10(20), 81-111. (In Persian)
- Douet, James. (2017). Industrial Heritage Re-tooled: The TICCIH Guide toIndustrial Heritage Conservation. Translated by Pirouz Hanachi and Sara Taymourtash,Tehran: University of Tehran Press. (In Persian)
- Esmaeili Jelodar, Mohammad Esmaeil, and Avvali Pooryan, Ashkan. (2018). "An Archaeological View on the Industrialization of Tehran and Transformation of its Manufacturing Structures in the Late Qajar and Early Pahlavi Periods."Journal of Archaeological Studies,10(1), 1-20. (In Persian)
- Esmaeilian Toussi, Hoda, and Etesam, Iraj. (2019). "Analysis of the Architecture of the Industrial Heritage Using a Combined Method of Typology and Analytical Shape Grammar (Case Study of Textile Factories of Isfahan and Yazd in the Pahlavi Era)."Naqshejahan,9(1), 1-12. (In Persian)
- Fadaeinezhad Bahramjerdi, Somayeh, and Taymourtash, Sara. (2021). Tehran Industrial Heritage. Tehran: Jihad University Publications of Tehran. (In Persian)
- Falahi, Alireza. (2014). "Documentation of the Underground Cu Chi Tunnels, as Rural Vietnamese Resistant, from a Passive Defense Perspective."Journal of Housing and Rural Environment,33(147), 51-64. (In Persian)
- Farahbakhsh, Morteza, and Hanachi, Pirouz. (2016). "Analyzing the Effect of Railway as Industrial Heritage in Iran."Journal of Fine Arts:Architecture & Urban Planning,20(4), 33-44. (In Persian)
- Foroughi, Sahar., Androodi, Elham, and Ansari, Hamid Reza. (2024). "Recognition of Values for Reuse of the Industrial Heritage of Tabriz City: A Case Study of the Barq-e-Lame Factory."CIAUJ, 9(1), 265-292. (In Persian)
- Gerkani, Raziyeh, and Abdoli, Mohannad. (2012). History and HistoricalGeography of the Silk Road. Tehran: Jamal Art Institute. (In Persian)
- Ghanbari, Amir Ali. (2018). "Industrial Heritage in Historical Urban Landscape: The Role of Sugar Factory in Urban Landscape of Varamin."Manzar, the Scientific Journal of Landscape, 10(43), 26-33. (In Persian)
- Ghalandarian Golkhatmi, Iman. (2015). "Criteria Collection for Essential Items Storage Locating with Passive Defense Approach."PassiveDefense, 6(2), 1-12. (In Persian)
- Gharar KhosroShahi, Homa. (2021). Green Adaptive Reuse of Industrial Heritage (Case Study: Rey Cement Factory).A Thesis for the Degree of Master of Science in Sustainable Architecture, Graduate Department of Architecture and Urbanism, Iran University of Science and Technology. (In Persian)
- Haghighat bin, Mahdi, and Bidarbakht, Niloufar. (2019). "The Improve of Sense of Pleasure in Reclamation of Post-Industrial Landscapes."Naqshejahan, 9(1), 55-65. (In Persian)
- Hanachi, Pirouz, and Khani, Shanli. (2021). "Exploration and Analyzing Values in Conservation of Industrial Heritage: A Case Study of the Cement Factory of Shahr-e-Rey."Maremat & Memari-e Iran, 11(28), 19-32. (In Persian)
- Hosseini, Seyed Behshid. (2010). Passive Defense Criteria in Urban PublicBuildings Architectural Design. Tehran: Abed Publication. (In Persian)
- ICOMOS. (1964). “International Charter for the Conservation and Restoration of Monuments and Sites”. (The Venice Charter).
-ICOMOS. (1993 a). “Charter for the Conservation of Places of Cultural Heritage Value, New Zealand”.
- ICOMOS. (1994). “The Nara Document on Authenticity”.
- ICOMOS. (1999 c). “The Burra Charter: The Australia ICOMOS Charter for Places of Cultural Significance”.
- ICOMOS. (2011). “Joint ICOMOS-TICCIH Principles for the Conservation of Industrial Heritage Sites, Structures, Areas and Landscapes”. (The Dublin Principles).
- Jalali Farahani, Gholamreza, and Araghizadeh, Mojtaba. (2013). "Explanation of Architectural Design Role on Achieving Passive Defense Goals in Buildings."Journal of Sustainable Architecture andUrban Design, 1(1), 67-75. (In Persian)
- Javadpour, Aylar., Nejad Ebrahimi, Ahad, and Beyti, Hamed. (2024). "The Architecture of the Gate in the Defense Fortifications of the Towers and Ramparts of Iran’s City."The Monthly Scientific Journal of Bagh-e-Nazar, 20(128), 27-38. (In Persian)
- Jokilehjto, Jukka. (2017). A History of Architectural Conservation.Translated by Mohammad Hassan Talebian and Khashayar Bahari, Tehran: Rowzaneh. (In Persian)
- Kadkhodayi, Mahdi., Hafez Rezazadeh, Masoumeh, and Karimiyan Bostani, Maryam. (2021). "Urban Planning with Passive Defense Approach in Zahedan and Its Peripheral Areas."Peripheral Urban SpacesDevelopment, 3(2), 67-90. (In Persian)
- Keikhosravi, Qhasem., Lashkari, Hassan., Baqaee, Mojtaba, and Nahaldani, Mahdi. (2016). "Industry’s Factory Location by Method (AHP) and Fuzzy Logic Model in City of Sabzevar."J Hum Geogr, 8(32), 125-147. (In Persian)
- Kermani, Mohammad, and Jabarpour, Mahtab. (2018). Registration Report of Rey Cement Factory. Tehran: Administration of Cultural Heritage and Tourism of Tehran Province. (In Persian)
- Khezerlou, Aram. (2022). "Analysis of Effective Indicators in the Historical Structure of Contemporary Cities with Passive Defense Approach (Case Study: Historical Context of Khoy City)."Safe City, 5(1), 25-36. (In Persian)
- Lin, Mi., Pereira Roders, Ana., Nevzgodin, Ivan, and De Jonge, Wessel. (2023). "Values and Interventions: Dynamic Relationships in International Doctrines."Journal of Cultural Heritage Management and Sustainable Development, 15(3), 728-749.
- Mahdinia, Seyed Ahmad., Chardoli, Hadi, and Balali Oskoee, Azita. (2019). "Analyzing the Principles of Passive Defense in the Traditional Structure of Hamadan Market."Safe City, 3(3), 1-13. (In Persian)
- Mahdiun, Sajad, and Fadaei nezhad, Somayeh. (2019). "Principles of Retooling for the Adaptive Reuse of the Industrial Architectural Heritage."Naqshejahn,9(1), 23-31. (In Persian)
- Mardani, Seyedeh Fatemeh. (2014). "The Effect of Natural Landscape on Georgian."Journal of Art and Civilization of the Orient,2(4), 30-37. (In Persian)
- Mihani, Nazanin. (2021). "Evaluating the Vulnerability of Old Texture with Passive Defense Approach Using IHWP Method (Case Study: Khobakht Neighborhood)."Safe City,4(2), 66-78. (In Persian)
- Mirhashemi Ruteh, Seyed Ehsan. (2014). "Passive Defense in Formation of Urban Form the Case of Aqda, Iran."Soffeh, 24(2), 113-130. (In Persian)
- Mofidi, Mohammad Reza, and Kamran Kasmaei, Hadiseh. (2016). Research Process inArchitecture.Tehran: Simaye Danesh Publisher. (In Persian)
- Momeni, Kourosh., Mohebian, Mostafa, and Mavedat, Elias. (2023). "Spatial Analysis of Rural Architecture Structure in Passive Defense by VIKOR Modeling; Case Study: Yaseh Chai Village."Journal ofHousing and Rural Environment,42(181), 103-118. (In Persian)
- Nami, Mohammad Hassan. (2022). "Defense Training of Border Villages with Passive Defense Approach; Case Study: Border Villages of Piranshahr."Journal ofHousing and Rural Environment,41(180), 99-114. (In Persian)
- Naziri, Zahra, and Fadaei Nezhad Bahramjerdi, Somayeh. (2022). "Typology of Modern Heritage Values Through."Journal of Fine Arts:Architecture & Urban Planning,27(2), 21-32. (In Persian)
- Pahlevanzadeh, Leila. (2011). "Rey Cement Factory."Memar Magazine, 66, 69. (In Persian)
- Sadeghahmadi, Mahdi., Abouei, Reza, and Nadimi, Hadi. (2017). "Seven Effective Concepts in International Conservation Documents after Venice Charter on Conservation of Rural Heritage."Maremat &Memari-e Iran, 7(13), 49-62. (In Persian)
- Saeidi, Ali., Savadkouhifar, Sasan, and Yavari, Yazdan. (2016). "Analyzing the Presence of Risk Factors in Vulnerable Areas."ArmanshahrArchitecture & Urban Development, 8(15), 313-328. (In Persian)
- Safinejad, Javad. (2017). Historical Places of Rey. Qom: Dar Al-Hadith Cultural Institute.
- Spoormans Lidwine, and Pereira Roders, Ana. (2021). "Methods in Assessing the Values of Architecture in Residential Neighborhoods."InternationalJournal of Building Pathology and Adaptation, 39(3), 490-506.
- Stodeh Khajeh Dad, Omid., Bozorgmehr, Kia., Ramazanpour, Mehrdad, and Ebrahimi Jamnani, Lila. (2022). "Identify Barriers Affecting the Adoption of Passive Defense Principles in the Arrangement of Infrastructure Facilities (Case Study: Urban Peripheral Areas of Chabahar City)."Peripheral Urban Spaces Development, 4(1), 249-265. (In Persian)
- Tabassi, Mohsen, and Naseri Azghandi, Hasan. (2020). "Analytical Study of the Physical Characteristics of Passive Defense in the Architecture of Safavid Caravanserais."Journal of Architecture in Hot and Dry Climate, 8(11), 305-329. (In Persian)
- Taher Tolou Del, Mohammad Sadegh., Sadooghi, Zahra, and Kamali Tabrizi, Sina. (2022). "Recognition of Defensive Factors in the Architectural Heritage of Iran’s Organic Ancient Shelters."Frontiers of Architectural Research, 11(4), 709-730.
- Taher Tolou Del, Mohammad Sadegh, and Kamali Tabrizi, Sina. (2020). "Proposing the Sustainable Investigation Model (Physical-Semantic) of Iranian Architectural Heritage Conservation."Maremat & Memari-eIran,10(24), 81-103. (In Persian)
- Taipei Declaration for Asian Industrial Heritage. (2012). 15th International Congress of TICCIH in Taiwan. http://ticcih.org/about/charter/taipei-declaration-for-asian-industrial-heritage. (Retrieved 20 April 2015).
- Tarkashvand, Akbar. (2008). Guide and Interpretation of the Code of Design of Buildings Against Earthquake and Earthquake Engineering. Tehran: Faraz Andish Sabz Publisher. (In Persian)
- Tarrafa Silva, Ana, and Pereira Roders, Ana. (2012). "Cultural Heritage Management and Heritage (Impact) Assessment." Joint CIB W070, W092 and TG72 International Conference, Cape Town, January 2012.
- The Nizhny Tagil Charter for the Industrial Heritage. (2003). The International Committee for the Conservation of the Industrial Heritage (TICCIH). 12th International Congress of TICCIH in Russia.