Gâl: An Institution of Mutual Aid and Social Sustainability in the Uramanat Cultural Landscape World Heritage Site(Case Study: Bayangan)

Mostafaei, Aziz; Fayaz, Ebrahim; Naderi, Ahmad

doi:10.22054/qjik.2026.89163.1480

Gâl: An Institution of Mutual Aid and Social Sustainability in the Uramanat Cultural Landscape World Heritage Site(Case Study: Bayangan)

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

Aziz Mostafaei ¹

Ebrahim Fayaz ² ^¶

Ahmad Naderi ² ^¶

¹ University of Tehran

² Associate professor, Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

https://doi.org/10.22054/qjik.2026.89163.1480

Abstract

Introduction and Core Focus: The "Gal" phenomenon in the mountainous Uramanat communities is a traditional mutual aid system rooted in ethics, kinship, and mutual commitment. Focusing on Bayanegan, this study explores Gal's structure, function, and cultural meanings anthropologically.

Methodology and Key Findings: Data was gathered through participatory observation (in a 41-day road construction project) and in-depth interviews with local actors. Findings indicate Gal is more than just an economic activity (like agriculture or building); it performs crucial social and cultural functions. It acts as an institution regulating reciprocal relations and maintaining balance in Uramanat's ethical system. By fostering trust, social capital, and collective belonging, Gal promotes social and environmental sustainability.

Conclusion and Significance: Despite modern changes, Gal remains dynamic and effective. As a living intangible heritage, it provides an identity and resistance function against individualism and the modern market. The analysis uses concepts like the "gift," "communitas," and "moral economy." Ultimately, Gal is a multi-functional institution (livelihood, ethical, symbolic) that ensures cultural continuity and serves as a model of cultural resilience against modernization.

Keywords

Gâl

Traditional Mutual Aid

Uramanat

Bayengan

Social Sustainability

Intangible Heritage

Subjects

Indigenous Knowledge

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