Iranian Inlay Art in Achaemenid period

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Bu_Ali Sina university

2 Bu_Ali Sina University

Abstract
The Achaemenid Empire, as one of the most significant dynasties in Iran, has left behind numerous artistic remains, including jewelry. Inlay work was among the most remarkable techniques employed during this era to enhance the color, value, and aesthetic appeal of jewelry. Due to the fact that only a small number of these artifacts have been excavated legally, available information about Achaemenid jewelry remains limited. This article aims to explore the techniques and methods used in creating inlaid Achaemenid jewelry by analyzing expert perspectives and employing modern tools to examine the styles and craftsmanship of the period. Furthermore, understanding the historical background of inlay techniques has contributed to clarifying the origins and identifying the artisans involved in early jewelry-making practices. Despite the scarcity of sources, our findings suggest that inlaid jewelry may have been produced using two primary methods: the use of adhesives or the creation of recessed cells in gold to secure the stones.

Keywords

Subjects

Armbruster, Barbara. (2010). "Technological Aspects of Selected Gold Objects in the Oxus Treasure" In: J. Curtis and St J. Simpson (eds), Tauris & Co Ltd, London: I.B.
- Benzel, Kim. (2013). "Puabi’s Adornment for the Afterlife: Materials and Technologies of Jewelry at Ur in Mesopotamia"Columbia University.
- Bernard, Paul, and Inagaki, Hajime. (2000). "Un torque achéménide avec une inscription grecque au musée Miho (Japon)", Comptes rendus des séances de l'Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres, N. 4, pp. 1371–1437.
- Colburn, Henry P. (2014). "Art of the Achaemenid Empire and Art in the Achaemenid Empire", University of Michigan, pp. 774–800.
- Courel, Blandine, and Schaeffer, Philippe, and Féliu, Clément, and Thomas, Yohann, and Adam, Pierre. (2018). "Birch bark tar and jewellery:The case study of a necklace from the Iron Age (Eckwersheim, NE France)", Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports, 20, 72–79.
- Curtis, John. (2012). The Oxus Treasure. London: British Museum.
- Dalton, O. M. (1905). The Treasure of the Oxus, with Other Objects from Ancient Persia and Indi. London: British Museum.
- Dalton, O. M. (1906). "A Second Silver Treasure from Cyprus". Archaeologia, 60(1), 1–24.
- Frank, Constance. (2013). The Acropolis tomb. In J. Perrot (Ed.), The Palace of Darius at Susa: The Great Royal Residence of Achaemenid Persia (pp. 337–355). London: I. B. Tauris.
- Harper, Prudence O., and Aruz, Joan, and Tallon, Françoise. (1992). The Royal City of Susa: Ancient Near Eastern Treasure in the Louvre. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art.
- Inagaki, Hajime. (2019). "Galleries and Works of the Miho Museum". Miho Museum, Japan.
- Jacobs, Bruno. (2021). A Companion to the Achaemenid Persian Empire. USA: Wiley Blackwell.
-Langejans, Geeske H. J., and Aleo, Alessandro, and Fajardo, Sebastian, and Kozowyk, Paul R. B. (2022). "Archaeological adhesives". In Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Anthropology, Oxford University Press (pp. 1–54)..
- Mahmoud Hossein, Muzahim. (2016). Nimrud: The Queens’ Tombs. The Oriental Institute, Chicago.
- Maryon, Herbert J. (1949). "Metal Working in the Ancient World". American Journal of Archaeology, 52(2), 93–125.
- McEwan, Colin. (2000). Precolumbian Gold: Technology, Style and Iconography. London: British Museum Press.
- Mon, Alvarez. (2020). The Art of Elam. New York: Routledge.
- Moorey, P. R. S. (1998). "Material Aspects of Achaemenid Polychrome Decoration and Jewellery". Iranica Antiqua, vol. XXXIII, pp. 155–171.
- Moorey, P. R. S. "Metalwork and Glyptic". In The Cambridge History of Iran, Vol. 2: The Median and Achaemenian Periods, edited by I. Gershevitch, 856–869. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2008 (reissue of 1985).
- Pichikyan, I. R. (1997). "Rebirth of the Oxus Treasure": Second Part of the Oxus Treasure from the Miho Museum Collection. Journal of Leiden, pp. 307–383.
-Rageot, Maxime, and Théry-Parisot, Isabelle, and Beyries, Sylvie, and Lepère, Cédric, and Carré, Alain, and Mazuy, Arnaud, and Filippi, Jean-Jacques, and Fernandez, Xavier, and Binder, Didier, and Regert, Martine. (2019). "Birch bark tar production: Experimental and biomolecular approaches" Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory.26(2), 276–314.
- Regert, M., Alexandre, V., Thomas, N., & Lattuati-Derieux, A. (2006). "Molecular characterisation of birch bark tar". Journal of Chromatography A, 1101(1–2), 245–253.
- Scott, D. A., & Doehne, E. (1990). "Soldering with gold alloys in ancient South America: Examination of two small gold studs from Ecuador". Archaeometry, 32(2), 183–190.
- Tiradritti, Francesco. (2000). Egyptian Treasures from the Egyptian Museum in Cairo. Milan: White Star Publishers.
- Zlámalová Cílová, Zuzana, and Čisťakova, Viktoria, and Brychová, Veronika, and Lapčák, Ladislav, and Březinová, Gertruda, and Kmječ, Tomáš, and Matoušková, Šárka, and Čižmářová, Hana. (2024). "Non-metallic decorative inlays in La Tène jewellery". Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences, 16, Article 60.

-   موزه میهو. «وب‌سایت رسمی موزه میهو ژاپن». بازیابی شده در ۱۲ اکتبر ۲۰۲۳ (۲۰ مهر ۱۴۰۲) از https://www.miho.jp/en/

-   موزه بریتانیا. «وب‌سایت رسمی بریتیش موزه». بازیابی شده در ۶ نوامبر ۲۰۲۳ (۱۵ آبان ۱۴۰۲) از https://www.britishmuseum.org/

-   موزه متروپولیتن. «وب‌سایت رسمی موزه متروپولیتن نیویورک». بازیابی شده در ۲۷ سپتامبر ۲۰۲۳ (۵ مهر ۱۴۰۲) از https://www.metmuseum.org/