Abdolazim Poya
Abstract
In lands where bread is the main food of their people, mills play a determinative role in organizing their lives, and for this reason, in the course of time, they are constantly updated and adapted to the requirements of the environment. Karizi mills in Yazd, especially in Meybod, ...
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In lands where bread is the main food of their people, mills play a determinative role in organizing their lives, and for this reason, in the course of time, they are constantly updated and adapted to the requirements of the environment. Karizi mills in Yazd, especially in Meybod, have evolved by the same mechanism. A clear example is Meybod Dousangi Mill which was created by using advanced karez technology in the desert environment. This mill, which is typically very specific, is located 40 meters underground and along the Qutbabad aqueduct. Dosangi mill which had been submerged by wind, soil, and floods in the desert for fifty years after the inefficient karez dried up, in 1999, by the help of elderly information, was recognized and registered as a national work.
Abstract
In order to preserve and save water consumption in the aqueduct irrigation system, there are countless unwritten and customary laws that require themselves to be extremely precise from Muqni to Mirab and Irrigator and the farmer.These laws were in place from the day the first construction of ...
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In order to preserve and save water consumption in the aqueduct irrigation system, there are countless unwritten and customary laws that require themselves to be extremely precise from Muqni to Mirab and Irrigator and the farmer.These laws were in place from the day the first construction of an aqueduct started, with the conditions until the sun went down and the aqueduct reached the manifestation, and even after that until it reached the drinking place. Only the observance of these criteria was subject to the conditions of time and place, for example, the determination of privacy, which was a criterion for preserving the rights of aqueduct owners. Even the passage of other aqueducts must be at a certain distance, and if they had to cross one aqueduct under another aqueduct, they had to follow certain conditions. In any case, the extracted water should not be wasted or penetrate other aqueducts. One of the drawbacks of the aqueduct is its uncontrollable and wasted water in winter, which farmers need less water, but contrary to the criticism of farmers, farmers have solutions for this. In the use of water, even those who owned a sufficient share of water did not have the right to use it outside a certain rule and in any way they wished. In traditional irrigation, water, especially in the smallholder system, is extremely valuable. Account circle is not out. Many, and perhaps all, of these customary rights were recognized in civil law and referred to custom in cases of dispute. However, the enforcement of these laws was more the custom and supervision of the people than the civil law, which punished the violators morally.
shahrzad sadeghizadeh bafandeh; Seyede Simin Mirhashemi Dehkordi; hojjat mianabadi
Abstract
The complexity of human-natural systems has drawn attentions towards governance approaches, based on which is the Good Governance Theory. Scholars have proposed various principles for achieving good governance given the contextual conditions. Qanat is one of the most significant innovations of ...
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The complexity of human-natural systems has drawn attentions towards governance approaches, based on which is the Good Governance Theory. Scholars have proposed various principles for achieving good governance given the contextual conditions. Qanat is one of the most significant innovations of Iranian in dealing with water scarcity. Being one of the oldest Qanats in the country, Qasabeh Gonabad Qanat survived through thousands of years, benefiting from tacit knowledge. Despite richness of Iranian tacit knowledge, only technical and structural dimensions have received proper attention. Thus, due the necessity of studying tacit knowledge and good governance principles, the present study adopted library research and comparative analysis method and tried to link Iranian tacit knowledge to water governance approaches along with investigating principles of good governance in tacit knowledge in Qasabeh Gonabad Qanat. Our results indicated presence of several good governance principles including collaboration, adaptability, transparency, accountability, consensus oriented, rule of law and efficiency and effectiveness in the tacit knowledge of this Qanat.
Morteza Salemi Ghamsari; Sina forouzesh; Mohammad reza Hojjati
Abstract
Natural factors play a decisive and determinative role in the historical, cultural and social phenomena of any society. In the water-scarce land of Iran throughout history, the aqueduct has been the most important way of exploiting water resources, which has been preserved, maintained and used ...
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Natural factors play a decisive and determinative role in the historical, cultural and social phenomena of any society. In the water-scarce land of Iran throughout history, the aqueduct has been the most important way of exploiting water resources, which has been preserved, maintained and used and exploited collectively. Shared water resources and their consequences and long-term investment in the construction and maintenance of aqueducts required long-term plans, which could not be combined with individualism and competitive culture, and contrary to some Iranian writers and intellectuals, not compatible. The construction of the aqueduct is the result of a long-term, peaceful and supportive participatory culture, and its existence has strengthened and reproduced this culture. This article deals with the tax on the use of water or the alimony of the aqueduct, which was the clever foresight of our ancestors towards the financial self-sufficiency of the aqueduct. In traditional irrigation systems, alimony is the sum of money spent during water circulation circuits throughout the irrigated year, which includes the wages of the irrigation group and the ancillary expenses of the water source. In the continuation of the work, the alimony of several aqueducts from different parts of Iran is also mentioned.
