Indigenous Knowledge
azita belali oskui; yahya jamali; elmira karimi pour; javad kheiri
Abstract
This research has been done with the descriptive-analytical method with the aim of explaining the relationship between the orientation of the Qajar houses of Tabriz and their spatial organization from the perspective of the entrance system. During the investigations, the purpose of the entrance design ...
Read More
This research has been done with the descriptive-analytical method with the aim of explaining the relationship between the orientation of the Qajar houses of Tabriz and their spatial organization from the perspective of the entrance system. During the investigations, the purpose of the entrance design was to target the access path to the yard, and the entrance device plays a significant role in orientation; Thus, despite the multiplicity of entrances, each of them has the possibility of dividing the house into a separate section, and each section can have its own direction and axis. The spatial system of each section is the responsibility of the courtyard (at the entrances of the outer courtyard) and the hall (at the entrances of other fronts), which with the passage of time and approaching the end of the Qajar period and the vertical development of houses, this role has been assigned from the hall to the foyer. Also, organizing with a foyer, unlike organizing with a hall, has reduced the independence and increased the flexibility of spaces.
Azadeh pashootanizadeh
Abstract
In the past, the occupation of Zoroastrian men was agriculture and animal husbandry, and Zoroastrian women inherited the spinning and textile arts of previous generations, especially the Sassanid period. Women's occupations complemented men's occupations, turning non-food products into clothing. Sericulture ...
Read More
In the past, the occupation of Zoroastrian men was agriculture and animal husbandry, and Zoroastrian women inherited the spinning and textile arts of previous generations, especially the Sassanid period. Women's occupations complemented men's occupations, turning non-food products into clothing. Sericulture also had a long history, and silkworm breeding was a domestic and favorite occupation of Zoroastrian women. The relationship between male and female occupations promoted a culture of "Hamazuri". The transfer of traditional Zoroastrian textile techniques coincided with the spinning of fibers and the narration of the oral stories of DariBehdini, the "Serpent King".The telling of these stories led to the formation and promotion of proverbs. The connection of the Iranians with the Persian trade of India made the traditional textile commercial and industrial and caused the destruction of the techniques and equipments of art "KāroČāle". In addition, the traditional spinning of Zoroastrian women, which was accompanied by these stories, disappeared. Valuable points, in addition to recording part of the folklore literature, is the influence and relationship between the stories of the serpent king and the traditional spinning of Iranian Zoroastrian women. Method of data collection in the form of field and library interviews; It is a descriptive-analytical comparison approach.
SeyedehBahar Zandrazavi; Hadi Khaniki; Daryoush Boostani; Akbar Nasrolahi
Abstract
The government has not succeeded in governing the common pool resources. As a result, some groups are searching for their answers in privatization management and others believe in participatory management. This research compares the communicative approaches of stakeholders regarding the groundwater sustainability ...
Read More
The government has not succeeded in governing the common pool resources. As a result, some groups are searching for their answers in privatization management and others believe in participatory management. This research compares the communicative approaches of stakeholders regarding the groundwater sustainability in Rafsenjan plain. The research methodology was grounded theory (GT). Participants were chosen through snowball sampling and theoretical saturation to maximize variation sampling. Focus group discussions were conductedamong a total of 115 people in ten stakeholders’ groups. Each sub-group consisted of 10 to 15 members. The researchers learned about two different approaches among water stakeholders. Those groups being interested in communicative action have seen the reasons for the water instability as "lack of civil society in water law regulation", "water-based employment policies". They insisted on strategies like "participation", "fairness" and "accountability"for a way out. In contrast, the other group found the reasons for the water instability in "energy subsidy", "farmers' lack of technical awareness" and " vague water rules" and their proposal is the "water's market" and "extension". These two different approaches derive from two different perceptions’ "participatory" and "rational strategy". As a result,they had a different attitude toward groundwater management and sustainability
Indigenous Knowledge
maryam kian asl
Abstract
Shams-Ol-Emareh Palace, as the first tall and five-story building in Tehran, was built in 1282 by the order of Naser al-Din Shah and in imitation of European buildings, by Moayyer Ol Mamalek in a period of 2 years. Its construction and decorations are influenced by the trend towards western art It has ...
Read More
Shams-Ol-Emareh Palace, as the first tall and five-story building in Tehran, was built in 1282 by the order of Naser al-Din Shah and in imitation of European buildings, by Moayyer Ol Mamalek in a period of 2 years. Its construction and decorations are influenced by the trend towards western art It has been in Iran. Since oil painting was often used on textured surfaces, the application of this method on glazed tiles had not been done until then. In this article, this unique method, which was implemented in five private spaces on four floors of Shams-Ol-Emareh, is investigated. The main question of this research is this What are the reasons for using oil painting on glazed tiles in this building? This research was done by descriptive-analytical method and data collection is done in field and library. Some believe that landscape painting is a copy of European classic paintings. The findings show that the variables of choosing the oil painting method are the result of the change of artists' approaches towards Iranian painting, the easy method, the availability of materials and the tendency to westernize, which was completely dependent on the social and political conditions of that time,
mahdi raeisi nafchi; Khatereh Talebi; mitra azad
Abstract
Sangsarnomads are one of the most famous nomadic tribes in Iran-Semnan province. In their siah-chador (known as “gut”) there is a special composition of hand woven as tent and masonry material as substructure (known as “gut-ke-mal”). Gut-ke-mal remains in the summer pastures and ...
Read More
Sangsarnomads are one of the most famous nomadic tribes in Iran-Semnan province. In their siah-chador (known as “gut”) there is a special composition of hand woven as tent and masonry material as substructure (known as “gut-ke-mal”). Gut-ke-mal remains in the summer pastures and usually will be applied in next migrations. Application of siah-chador reduced due to building villa housing in the summer pastures of the area in last decades. So it is valuable itself to document the remained examples of gut-ke-mal which are affected by climatic agents year by year. The structure of this plan is more complex and practical in the black tent of Sangsarnomad than other nomads.The article identifies 5 contemporary gut-ke-mals and classifies them through some physical and functional variants (including site situation, topography, dimensions, function, form, access and material) based on descriptive-analytical research method.. Outcomes show that new ones have rectangular interior forms, manufactured material usage and smaller dimensions in compare with the original and changes in the dimensions of the form, the type of materials and communication spaces, and the movement of land uses in the new samples.The trend seems to far gut-ke-mal away from its original function and eventually its original nature
reyhane rahiminezhadan; mehrnoosh shafie; gholamreza hashemi
Abstract
Since many years ago when the exact time is not available, pottery has flourished in the Lar region, which includes the cities of Lar. The pottery objects of this region are made with the aim of meeting the essential needs of daily life, but today, with the change of people's taste and the use of industrial ...
Read More
Since many years ago when the exact time is not available, pottery has flourished in the Lar region, which includes the cities of Lar. The pottery objects of this region are made with the aim of meeting the essential needs of daily life, but today, with the change of people's taste and the use of industrial alternatives, a large number of old pottery are not made. Therefore, it seems necessary to take action for preserving and recording this art. This research by considering of questions such as how pottery is practiced in Lar today and what forms, motifs and applications are included? deal with technological features, introduction of pottery works in the region, tools, decorations, introduction of active potters, common dialects and terms related to pottery profession of this region and finally presenting of important works of culture and pottery of this region. The results of the research indicate that in the past, forms such as ghumb, chehel-o-chahar gushe, wine hookahs, etc.
kaveh farhadi; morteza salemi ghamsari
Abstract
It goes without saying that food is quite significant which is felt by biologists, psychologists and more importantly by people. However, some societies including Iranians have always witnessed various incidents for thousand years due to its specific geographical and historical condition, shortage of ...
Read More
It goes without saying that food is quite significant which is felt by biologists, psychologists and more importantly by people. However, some societies including Iranians have always witnessed various incidents for thousand years due to its specific geographical and historical condition, shortage of food and even water on the one hand, and many natural disasters and attacks by alien tribes on the other hand. Therefore, they have so much and sometimes unique experience in issues related to food security, management and storage. The said experiences unfortunately keep being forgotten. In most Iranian regions, there are mountains with water and no soil or deserts with soil and no water. Moreover, plants grow and agricultural, garden, and animal products are produced only in some months of the year. On the other hand, dangerous pests such as locust, age, color, natural disasters such as drought, untimely cold weather, flood, hail, and worst of all social insecurities including attacks on Iran which is a record-holder in this regard have all led to collection of experience in such special conditions so as to be used in such unlucky days of shortage or drought. Iranians have innovated various solutions to the extent that they have been able to store the most perishable foods such as milk for one week to two years. This is also true for vegetable, meat and fresh fruits. The present paper is the preliminary stage of a great work about traditional methods of food storage and traditional ways of fighting drought which have been applied by our ancestors for thousands of years. The paper aims at recording the latest experiences of old villagers and stories they have heard or applied about drought and different methods of combating it, food storage techniques and diet management at times of shortage before its too late. One of the findings is drawing of the preliminary graph of food classification in Iranian culture.
Vahid Rashidvash; Hassan Yousefinezhad
Abstract
The methods of cooperation and cooperation have long been common in the rural communities of Iran, and despite the changes that have occurred in rural communities over the years, there are still various forms of cooperation and cooperation among many Lor, Kurd, and, etc. can be seen. The purpose of this ...
Read More
The methods of cooperation and cooperation have long been common in the rural communities of Iran, and despite the changes that have occurred in rural communities over the years, there are still various forms of cooperation and cooperation among many Lor, Kurd, and, etc. can be seen. The purpose of this research is to analyze the traditional ways of cooperation in the agricultural culture of the people of Jafar Abad village, Sivan district of Ilam city, using the theory of functionalism and the theory of exchange. In the interview method, the researcher conducted a purposeful and snowball method by selecting 21 people who had sufficient information on the topic in question. The obtained results show that before planting crops and in order to observe justice in the common people's enjoyment of the possibility of God-given village, by drawing lots (Tirpeshk), dividing the land (Zahmin Bahsh) in The planting phase of the crop is done by group plowing method (pair herd), in the starting phase by the method of escaping harmful animals for the field (Veraz Rav) and in the harvesting phase by methods such as group reaping, group threshing, cleaning the crop to The group form is used.
Farid Ahmadzadeh; Hassan Karimian; Mohammad Hassan Talebian; Mozhgan Khanmoradi; Majid Montazer Zohori
Abstract
In this article, with the aim of investigating and evaluating the material culture left in the cultural zone of Hawraman region, the importance of water in this mountainous region and how to manage and control it has been discussed. In the field research, the results of which show these findings in this ...
Read More
In this article, with the aim of investigating and evaluating the material culture left in the cultural zone of Hawraman region, the importance of water in this mountainous region and how to manage and control it has been discussed. In the field research, the results of which show these findings in this research, we tried to answer these questions, what were the principles and methods of water resources management in Hawraman region? And what role have the types of water sources and water structures played in the formation of settlements and the way of life of the communities in the region? In the results of this research, it was found that surface water sources (Sirvan River) and atmospheric precipitation, especially snow with a steep slope in the Hawraman region, have played an important role in the dynamics of the cultural landscape of Hawraman. Based on this, by creating management and transfer networks of water resources in the depths of the valleys and through digging or building canals, it creates water facilities that, while continuing and developing settlements, provide cultural, economic and social communication fields along with livelihood.he does It has been stable in Hawraman from the past until today.
Indigenous Knowledge
salem hossein bor; zahra hossein abadi; alireza taheri
Abstract
In the present study, the petroglyphs of Kabogan Valley in the city of Gesht, which are located in the Siahan mountains of Saravan city, were investigated with the descriptive-analytical method and library and field information in the form of observation, photography and determining the location of the ...
Read More
In the present study, the petroglyphs of Kabogan Valley in the city of Gesht, which are located in the Siahan mountains of Saravan city, were investigated with the descriptive-analytical method and library and field information in the form of observation, photography and determining the location of the paintings, with the aim of introducing and symbology. Kobogan petroglyphs seek to answer these two questions: What was the purpose of creating petroglyphs?What are the meanings of the patterns carved on the rocks? The findings showed that; By examining the types of motifs carved in this area, we come across symbols of fertility and birth, symbols of love, directional symbols and animal, human and plant motifs, which show the long history of living in this area and They show the early beliefs and rituals of the residents. Finally, the result was that; These petroglyphs are not related to a specific period of time, but were created during different periods with different purposes, in general, most of the motifs of the old periods had ritual concepts, but the themes of the motifs of the new periods are mostly narrative and are a reflection of the way of life of that period.
Habibollah Khoobfekrbarabadi; Hamid Hosainimarandi; Mahmood Arabkhedri
Abstract
The residents of the Balochistan region have been using and controlling rain and flood water from remote distances with simple methods, and thusthey have valuable indigenous experience and knowledge. They control the flood in all parts of the mountains of the bases, slopes, hills, and valleys ...
Read More
The residents of the Balochistan region have been using and controlling rain and flood water from remote distances with simple methods, and thusthey have valuable indigenous experience and knowledge. They control the flood in all parts of the mountains of the bases, slopes, hills, and valleys by creating simple earth, rocky and rocky systems, and by creating agricultural land and flood crops for the construction of palm trees, and they provide plots of land and provide a part of their livelihoods. These methods have different types, some of which are abandoned, and some exist and act during rainfall. Considering the importance of this issue, the present researchers look at two examples of them, called "Khosab" and "Darband", with the aim of systematically recognizing these active systems. The "Khoshab" system is located on the margin of rivers, plains and hills, and its components are: stone or earth wall, foam, non-server, flood gate, overflow, drainage and farmland, all of which are built with the indigenous knowledge of the people.
Indigenous Knowledge
Ahmad Sohrabinia; Majid MontazerZohouri
Abstract
Ownership of lands, feudalism systems and division of agricultural products has a long history in Iran. Agricultural system from demission and division of lands till the three step of cultivating, keeping and harvesting then division of products as well as taking tax, needs a regular circle and recording ...
Read More
Ownership of lands, feudalism systems and division of agricultural products has a long history in Iran. Agricultural system from demission and division of lands till the three step of cultivating, keeping and harvesting then division of products as well as taking tax, needs a regular circle and recording instruments as well as product measuring in different districts. In this research in addition to exploring circle of landholding from early Islamic period to Qajar period, two threshing heap stamp, that used to make mark on wheat as well as barley heaps are investigated. In this article we use anthropological and library studies based on descriptive and analytical approach to investigate the region cultivation and tow threshing heap stamps. The aims of this study are to identify the function as well as identity of these two stamps in socioeconomic context and investigate the circle of agriculture at Komijan city and Esfandan village, also tried to determine the identity and essence the stamps that are used by whom and when. In this end, structure of the stamps as well as form, material, motive and phrase on them will be described.
Indigenous Knowledge
Hooshang Abbasi; Javad Nazarimoghaddam
Abstract
Cooperation and mutual cooperation of humans has existed since the beginning of human life in all eras of life in all societies. The culture of cooperation among the women of Gilan is the most deeply rooted native culture, helping not only in production and work, but also includes various aspects of ...
Read More
Cooperation and mutual cooperation of humans has existed since the beginning of human life in all eras of life in all societies. The culture of cooperation among the women of Gilan is the most deeply rooted native culture, helping not only in production and work, but also includes various aspects of the life of the villagers and affects all relationships and provides women's integration and participation in the social arena and the role of women makes it look bolder. The purpose of presenting this article is to pay attention to one of the long-standing and traditional relations in Gilan, which has provided the background for the emergence of a kind of culture and literature, and has found and influenced all the foundations of life in fusion. This study is a descriptive and analytical research in which an attempt has been made to investigate aspects of the culture of cooperation and cooperation among the women of Gilan with an anthropological approach while paying attention to the lived experience of the people of Gilan. The findings of the research indicate that the forms of help among the women of Gilan are very diverse and diverse, and not only in rice cultivation,
massoumeh barsam; yosof faryabi
Abstract
Votive rugs are in fact a kind of small pictorial rugs with an approximate size of 25 x 20 cm that are placed in various designs and colors in the middle of the platform or sometimes hung on the wall of Ghadamgah (Foothold of saints and holy people in past). These rugs are as a decorative and religious ...
Read More
Votive rugs are in fact a kind of small pictorial rugs with an approximate size of 25 x 20 cm that are placed in various designs and colors in the middle of the platform or sometimes hung on the wall of Ghadamgah (Foothold of saints and holy people in past). These rugs are as a decorative and religious element in most of the south Qadamgah of Kerman, especially in Jiroft that share similarities from the point of view of the texture, pattern, and symbolic signs.s, and geometric symbols in the visual structure of the Votive rugs, and main question in this research is, how is the visual structure and composition of the painting of the Votive rugs and what is symbolic meanings based on popular culture? The visual structure and composition of the rug consists of two parts, the margin and the text. The textures of the rugs are wiew in structure, form, image, text or composition. The method of collecting information in this field research is using archaeological resources, historical documents, collecting visual samples and oral interviews with villagers and tribesmen in Jiroft region and the analytical comparative research method is a semantic approach. Since the issue of Votive is a personal and spiritual matter,. the goals of the weavers identified, but based on the images and the name of the prophets, it seems to be requests for prayer and happiness on the text of the weaving rugs that these works have a certain religious and ceremonial function,
samaneh baghlani; samanian samad
Abstract
Astrolabes as the most advanced astronomical tool of Islamic world, was so attended during the Islamic period; and In the Safavid period, astrolabe became more and more important that their designs, decorations and changes shows that and seams it was influenced by various factors including cultural and ...
Read More
Astrolabes as the most advanced astronomical tool of Islamic world, was so attended during the Islamic period; and In the Safavid period, astrolabe became more and more important that their designs, decorations and changes shows that and seams it was influenced by various factors including cultural and social factors. The purpose of this study is to identify the cultural and social factors affecting the decorating of Iranian Safavid astrolabes and studying their effects. In this regard, this research is a descriptive-analytical method that uses visual and written sources such as library and internet to study various factors including belief in astronomy and superstition, officialization of religion (Shia), nationalism and tendency towards Persian literature, kings' support and thrive of metalworking, economic situation and prosperity of different classes of society. The research results show that these factors made the astrolabe-making thrive, localization of it’s knowledge, a good conditions for the activities of astrolabists were provided, the motifs and decorations of the astrolabe became more crowded and elegant and found an Iranian, Safavid and Shi’i identity.
Zeinab Afzali; Hassan Karimian; Alireza Ebrahimi Eedelou
Abstract
Watermills are considered valuable treasures of Iranian indigenous and cultural knowledge. Due to the climatic conditions of this land, the people of the past have tried to make maximum use of water energy by building water structures. Therefore, watermills that have used the knowledge of water engineering, ...
Read More
Watermills are considered valuable treasures of Iranian indigenous and cultural knowledge. Due to the climatic conditions of this land, the people of the past have tried to make maximum use of water energy by building water structures. Therefore, watermills that have used the knowledge of water engineering, mechanics, and architecture, have been used in different parts of Iran since ancient times. One of these water structures is Qutbiyeh Mill in Sirjan city, identified and studied during archaeological field activities in 2019. The purpose of this article is to introduce and study the Qotbiyeh water mill in Sirjan plain to gain a proper understanding of its performance and architecture analysis. The questions of this research are as follows: Qutbiyeh water mill belongs to which type of water mills in Iran? What were the components and the architectural structure of this mill? The present study was conducted by descriptive-analytical method, and its data were collected based on field studies and literature. The results showed that the Sirjan Qotbiyeh water mill was a furnace watermill, working with the water of the Qotbiyeh qanat, and its architectural structure included a complete set of different main and side spaces surrounded by a circular defensive wall.
Bahareh Behmanesh; Rajabali Mohebbi; Seyede Zohreh Mirdeilami; Aysen Hajili-Davaji; Manijeh Tavan
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to identify poisonous plants for livestock, signs of poisoning, indigenous methods of treatment by exploiting tribes and also to identify medicinal plants for livestock and how to use them and their healing properties. The selection of the population was a statistically ...
Read More
The aim of the present study was to identify poisonous plants for livestock, signs of poisoning, indigenous methods of treatment by exploiting tribes and also to identify medicinal plants for livestock and how to use them and their healing properties. The selection of the population was a statistically responsive sample from the local communities. In this study, the respondent population consisted of Turkmen nomads in the Maravah Tappeh rangelands. In this study, purposive sampling and snowball method were used; a number of experienced exploitation nomads were selected for the initial interview. After designing the topic and gaining their trust and confidence in the research topic, the questionnaire was prepared and its validity and reliability were examined. Simultaneously with the field survey, a number of questionnaires were provided to the selected exploiting tribes. The validity of the questionnaire was calculated and determined by calculating the Cronbach's alpha coefficient for different criteria. The named plants were identified. Finally, 26 poisonous plants and 24 medicinal plants for livestock were introduced by farmers.
Leila Liriaei; Mohammad Avatefi Hemmat; Ali Jahani
Abstract
Ethnozoology is the study of human groups' interaction and fauna, the role of animals in people’s lives, and related beliefs that have shaped human culture. This knowledge includes the system of nomenclature for animals, describing human-animal interactions, identifying animal food habits, reproduction ...
Read More
Ethnozoology is the study of human groups' interaction and fauna, the role of animals in people’s lives, and related beliefs that have shaped human culture. This knowledge includes the system of nomenclature for animals, describing human-animal interactions, identifying animal food habits, reproduction and habitats, animal diseases and treating, protecting humans from animal attacks, uses of animals for medicinal, food, ornamental, religious, and spiritual purposes, and finally is using this body of knowledge for conservation purposes. This paper introduces ethnozoology as a subdivision of ethnobiology and elaborates on it by using written Persian heritages such as pigeon lofts and manuscripts on the subject of falconry or BAZ-NAMAH, new domestic researches, and examples of international studies in the field of ethnozoology. Examples of the ethnozoological knowledge of the adjacent communities to the Oshtorankuh protected area, Lorestan Province, related to partridges, porcupines, and brown bears have been described. All three species are hunted by local communities. The gallbladder is a widely used organ of these species for various purposes including pain relief, disease treatment, and ritual and spiritual. The findings show ethnozoological studies could assist wildlife management practices at the local level and illustrate causes of wildlife-human conflicts which help in wildlife conservation
Mohammad Ebrahim Banihabib
Abstract
In arid and semi-arid areas, water shortage leads people to the creation of traditional water management appropriate to local characteristics. Iran is one of the oldest civilizations of the world that has a unique water supply system according to social, cultural and climate condition. Indigenous ...
Read More
In arid and semi-arid areas, water shortage leads people to the creation of traditional water management appropriate to local characteristics. Iran is one of the oldest civilizations of the world that has a unique water supply system according to social, cultural and climate condition. Indigenous knowledge-based management systems were replaced with modern management systems, and due to non-compliance modern technologies with social and environmental conditions of region, many problems have been created. The purpose of this paper was to combine traditional and modern governance rules for development of groundwater governance framework in order to achieve sustainable development. In fact, the use of culture and indigenous knowledge in the field of water resources management and retrieval new issues from new theories of governance can be the missing piece of groundwater management.In this research, the comparison of scientific documents and field observation were used to extract indigenous knowledge of sustainable groundwater governance from aqueducts management. For this purpose, at first we introduced modern system in water governance and then compared common factors with traditional governance to provide a groundwater governance framework adapted to arid and semi-arid regions. Finally, the gaps of traditional governance can be covered by combining with the principles of effective governance and then a management system adapted to climate condition.Dealing effectively with the challenges of the present era and providing appropriate development patterns will be achieved by combining indigenous knowledge with modern management.
Indigenous Knowledge
fatemeh saedi; Marziyeh Ghasemi
Abstract
The variety of patterns and techniques of Baloch embroidery, the high elegance and geometry that lies in the art of Baloch embroidery, In the last century, it has attracted the attention of national and international designers towards this art. According to the background fabric, Baloch stitching can ...
Read More
The variety of patterns and techniques of Baloch embroidery, the high elegance and geometry that lies in the art of Baloch embroidery, In the last century, it has attracted the attention of national and international designers towards this art. According to the background fabric, Baloch stitching can be implemented in two ways, Taarkesh and Taarshomar. In Taarshomar sewing, decorations are made on separate pieces and then connected to the main garment, But Taarkash stitching is performed directly on the main fabric and has a higher artistic value, But it should be kept in mind that not all motifs and sewing techniques can be implemented with this method. Trying to develop the art of Baluchi embroidery and creating innovation and creativity while maintaining the originality of the work and recognizing patterns based on the background fabric for easy implementation in clothing design topics are the goals of this research. So far, there has been no research that examines the traditional methods of Balochi embroidery in clothing design, And the present research, using analytical-descriptive method, focused on the division of patterns and techniques of Baloch sewing and how to implement the techniques according to the background fabric,
Indigenous Knowledge
Soheila Yousofvand; Abolfazl Sharifian; Hamid Reza Qutbal-Dini
Abstract
The current study aimed at providing an assessment of pastoralists’ knowledge in Darreh Shahr county at Ilam province associated with Scrophularia striata and Anchusa italica. In this order, field observations, semi-structured interviews and community feedback methods were used with 57 knowledgeable ...
Read More
The current study aimed at providing an assessment of pastoralists’ knowledge in Darreh Shahr county at Ilam province associated with Scrophularia striata and Anchusa italica. In this order, field observations, semi-structured interviews and community feedback methods were used with 57 knowledgeable and skilled local pastoralists with legal grazing license. Result showed that pastoralists carried extensive knowledge with regard to different aspects of these two plant species. This knowledge included morphological and botanical characteristics, phenology, habitat properties including geographical distribution, ecology and companion plants, forage and fodder properties, harvesting approaches, therapeutic properties and side effects. It was found through the findings that, based on traditional knowledge of pastoralists, the main therapeutic properties of Scrophularia striata were treatment of burning injuries, internal infection of the female genital organs, the infection in general and acne. For Anchusa italica the therapeutic properties included sedative effects and reducing stress and depression. The result also showed an erosion of medicinal plants traditional knowledge due to the death of knowledgeable elderlies and the lack of interest among new generations regarding traditional knowledge. The innovation of this study is in the deep examination of traditional knowledge regarding different aspects of ethnobotany besides medicinal properties of plants.
yaser hamzavi
Abstract
One of the most distinctive types of murals is the canvas-Marouflaged murals. In the direction of managing purposeful and long-term canvas-Marouflaged murals studies, Proper protection of these Artworks. In order to properly protect these works and analyze conservation studies and future measures, it ...
Read More
One of the most distinctive types of murals is the canvas-Marouflaged murals. In the direction of managing purposeful and long-term canvas-Marouflaged murals studies, Proper protection of these Artworks. In order to properly protect these works and analyze conservation studies and future measures, it is necessary to explore the conservation approaches of these paintings in the cultural context. Therefore, in this research, we have tried to review the results of protective measures and interventions on canvas-Marouflaged murals and easel paintings; As well as reviewing conservation and restoration experiences in Iran, Introduce conservation approaches In order to be able to rely on it, the correct interventions as well as the correct analysis of the actions of previous years and periods on such works. The aim of this research, acquisition of indigenous knowledge, and protection of canvas-Marouflaged murals of the Islamic period also, the analysis of protective interventions on these works is in Iran. As a result of this research, the conservation approaches of canvas-Marouflaged murals were defined in two parts: interventional protection and preventive protection in order to get the best results from it. Considering each of the approaches, we must pay attention to the dual nature of canvas-Marouflaged murals and take the necessary measures according to the conditions of the effect.
Leyli Khorashadizade
Abstract
Traditional footwear, during the time, are always effected by some factors such as weather and climate of each region, traditions, customs, life style and occupations, has appeared in different types. Concinnity, variety in form, color and material, and appropriateness of these three factors with climate ...
Read More
Traditional footwear, during the time, are always effected by some factors such as weather and climate of each region, traditions, customs, life style and occupations, has appeared in different types. Concinnity, variety in form, color and material, and appropriateness of these three factors with climate conditions and culture, and also use of natural and native materials, are some of prominent properties of these footwear.Birjand County, which is located in the shout of Khorasan province, is one of the areas that its footwear products had a lot of fame in the region and also in the country in the past. A native Art-Industry which today, except its fame and a few old masters, anything is remained from that. While, in addition to its historical and cultural importance, profession of traditional shoemaking as a domestic Art-Industry, can has special importance from economical and employment aspects, for some reasons such as utilization of native knowledge and workforces, and also usage of native materials.Therefore, the main objective of this essay is include recognizing and introducing of Art-Industry of traditional shoemaking in Birjand, scrutiny of its products, manufacture methods and used materials. It is obvious that the first step for preserving and reviving of this domestic profession is its recognition and introduction, which provided a context to convert the traditional footwear into a practical product for today's customers, with eliminating its defects and optimization.
alireza khosraviani; R.a Vaziri
Abstract
Studying Bakhtiari culture and folk literature, is a way to gain local knowledge about their handicrafts. "Bokele" is a one of handicrafts, that its production knowledge has been almost forgotten. Therefore, the aim of this study is preserving the production knowledge of the Bokele crock and its reproduction ...
Read More
Studying Bakhtiari culture and folk literature, is a way to gain local knowledge about their handicrafts. "Bokele" is a one of handicrafts, that its production knowledge has been almost forgotten. Therefore, the aim of this study is preserving the production knowledge of the Bokele crock and its reproduction and recording the popular culture related to the mentioned in the folk literature of Bakhtiari people. The research method in this article was field research and presence on site along with data collection through interviews, observation and recording of information by photography. a number of women produce Bokele by hand and with the root of local plant "Lowva". The presence of the Bokele mentioned among the local poems and proverbs indicates its long history in the culture and tradition of Bakhtiaries. This crock is water-soluble, and therefore, it can be reconsidered and reused as a tool for greater human interaction with the environment.
Nima Shojaei Baghini
Abstract
Most of the programs in Iran which were defined and carried out in the name of “modernization” had nothing to do with the cultural and “indigenous” elements of the country, so, they exacerbated some “crisis” in the field of environment and water. Therefore, it ...
Read More
Most of the programs in Iran which were defined and carried out in the name of “modernization” had nothing to do with the cultural and “indigenous” elements of the country, so, they exacerbated some “crisis” in the field of environment and water. Therefore, it seems that it is necessary to rethink the concepts of “modernization” and “development”; relying on the concept of “tradition” and looking for the “emancipatory social science”, we should try to transform a paradigm which is eliminating and fighting against the concept of “nature”, as Hanna Arendt argued. I believe that the admired documentary entitled “Matricide”, directed by KomeilSohani, which has been showed in Iran and some other countries, with a historical approach, has the capacity to develop such an “emancipatory social science”. This movie has criticized a “technical” approach retrieved from “partial modernization”, and showed that how far previous decisions made by the Iranian politicians, in the same approach, has endanger current Iranian’s life. It seems that the theoretical and methodological approach of the movie is similar to what is bring followed in the field of “new institutionalism”. In this field of study both “historical” and “indigenous” forms of life are considered prominently. Subsequently, by using the approach, we can rethink the foundations of the “modernization” school, which has effected not only on Iran, but on the rest of the world, with its “negative externalities”. Hence, in this article, with emphasis on this approach and that documentary, the researcher criticized the peculiarities of current knowledge in facing the loop of “environmental crisis” and “water crisis” in Iran; then, I emphasis on the “new institutionalism” as an alternative emancipatory paradigm, towards an understanding of the problems of the nature in Iran.
