Indigenous Knowledge
sara sadeghi; javanmardzadeh ardeshir; manijeh hadian dehkordi; reza rezaloo
Abstract
Dogs are one of the first animals domesticated by humans. Dogs have always been a good friend and companion of humans. The paintings found in the caves of primitive humans indicate that the relationship between humans and dogs is at least 16 thousand years old. Dogs are found in different scenes and ...
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Dogs are one of the first animals domesticated by humans. Dogs have always been a good friend and companion of humans. The paintings found in the caves of primitive humans indicate that the relationship between humans and dogs is at least 16 thousand years old. Dogs are found in different scenes and poses in Iranian rock art in all four cultural regions (i.e., north, west, south, and east). Regarding the history, diversity, and dispersion of the dog motifs in pictographs of different areas in Iran, this study aims to evaluate dog motifs and their breeds in the rock artworks of Lorestan. The main research questions are: "What is the morphology and breed of dog motifs in pictographs of Lorestan?" "Which kind of scenes and subjects are included in pictographs in Lorestan?" and "What rock artworks can be compared to dog motifs in pictographs of Lorestan?" The current study is a qualitative research using a descriptive-analytical-comparative approach. The data was collected by library and field research. The statistical population included Lorestan pictographs in Mehrdad Stone and Mirmalas in Kuhdasht, and Takhte Chan in Poldokhtar. The results showed that dog motifs in pictographs of Lorestan are different in morphology.
Amirreza Amrollahi; Mohamad Rahim Forouzeh; Hossein Barani; Hassan Yeganeh
Abstract
Indigenous knowledge as a part of any nation’s culture, has been acquired through experience and gradually become a part of the culture and society. The correct use of this knowledge can lead to endogenous development. Ethnobotany, as a sub branch of indigenous knowledge, investigates the way people ...
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Indigenous knowledge as a part of any nation’s culture, has been acquired through experience and gradually become a part of the culture and society. The correct use of this knowledge can lead to endogenous development. Ethnobotany, as a sub branch of indigenous knowledge, investigates the way people of a particular ethnic, culture, or region make use of native plants. The aim of this study was to introduce edible and medicinal plants used by Googhar local people. For this purpose, during the summer 2019 and spring 2020, edible and medicinal plants used in the region were identified. The information was collected in the form of free interviews, semi-structured interviews and participatory observation. Interviews were conducted purposefully with local experts. Totally, 36 plant species, with the extensive knowledge of local people, were identified in edible and medicinal uses. This knowledge includes the identification of plants, appropriate time of harvest, organs used, medicinal and edible properties, how to use, as well as plant ecology. The results show that leaves have the most edible and medicinal uses. Edible and medicinal plants in forms of cooked and raw have the most consumption, and the most medicinal use includes treatment of gastrointestinal diseases.
maryam dehqan; mohammad ebrahim zarei
Abstract
Dinavar is located in the east of Kermānshāh province. The natural features of this area and the human changes have created its cultural landscape. Today's Landscape shows agricultural machinery. Nevertheless, there are still signs of traditional. The abundance of indigenous species of bees has led ...
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Dinavar is located in the east of Kermānshāh province. The natural features of this area and the human changes have created its cultural landscape. Today's Landscape shows agricultural machinery. Nevertheless, there are still signs of traditional. The abundance of indigenous species of bees has led to an increase in human knowledge of this insect and to find ways to exploit it more. The beekeeping culture in Dinavar region is the result of this knowledge. How this culture is the most important question of this research. According to preliminary evidences, it is hypothesized that Dinavar beekeeping culture is carried out in the form of elementary and complementary economic activities. The main purpose of this research is to introduce this culture and its conservation strategies. This research, which is of qualitative-descriptive type and is conducted field by interview, observation and audio-visual method, is related to beekeeping climate calendar, structures and related objects and related concepts. Studies have shown that the beliefs, values and practices are in the process of being forgotten by human interventions and the beekeepers' culture in the area will soon disappear with the use of modern methods or similar to the rest of the world. Therefore, it is suggested that, due to the environmental power of Dinavar area, the production of organic honey will be promoted by combining traditional and modern techniques among the mountainous regions, and the introduction of the beekeeping culture of this area will be introduced as an ecotourism draw.
Kazem Mokhtarnia; Mohammad Hassan Talebian; Shahin Heidari
Abstract
Over the ages, water and its limitations at settlementsof central desert of Irancauses the creating of complex indigenous management systems in the fields of water extraction, water transmission and water distribution in that geographical area. Many of these systems interact sustainability ...
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Over the ages, water and its limitations at settlementsof central desert of Irancauses the creating of complex indigenous management systems in the fields of water extraction, water transmission and water distribution in that geographical area. Many of these systems interact sustainability and suitably with the environment, that teaches points and lessons today. The recognition of this indigenous knowledge could be as light forour way in the future. One of the complex local and indigenous water management systems in Iran is the water management of Balade of Ferdows city (Toon). The hypothesis of the study and its main purpose was to recognize human resources management at water management system at the Balade water of Ferdows until1971/1350 (HS) and mainly we investigate the management of the water resources in that period oftime; what were occupations in that water management system and with what hierarchical orderlabors work in that system. Based on the nature of the study hypothesis, method of the research is literature review, field study and matched data. The results of the study indicate the existence of a purposeful organization in water management and human resources management of Baladewater management where labors workhierarchy based on knowledge, expertise and skill in water management affairs
Mahdi Akhtarkavan; salva Fallahi
Abstract
AbstractThe present study aims to identify climate-responsive solutions used in traditional dwellings of hot & dry climate in Iran, and analyze the effects of these solutions in thermal comfort, energy consumption and some guidelines for climate-responsive buildings design. Internal thermal comfort ...
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AbstractThe present study aims to identify climate-responsive solutions used in traditional dwellings of hot & dry climate in Iran, and analyze the effects of these solutions in thermal comfort, energy consumption and some guidelines for climate-responsive buildings design. Internal thermal comfort of Atar-ha traditional house in the city of Kashan in the hot & dry climate of Iran were analyzed by assessment the climate-responsive solutions in this house for providing thermal comfort. In order to achieve this, based on experimental process, field measurements and comparative analysis and by using Data Logger Devices for temperature and relative humidity, weather data from different building spaces within 24 hours were collected and moved to the Givoni Chart. Eventually, the effectiveness of this house in terms of traditional design strategies and the impact to achieve the main goal of this research has been determined. The findings show that according to the charts and tables, Atar-ha House has been effectively turning the temperature into the optimum mode in summer compared to winter and provides better thermal comfort conditions in the warm season than in the cold season.
Hamid reza Arami parche baf; sajad moazen
Abstract
One of the forgotten traditional arts and crafts is repairing porcelain art. Documentation of experiences, knowledge, and techniques used in this profession are necessary to preserve Iranian culture. Field and library studies and interviews with experts and veterans of this art were used to collect information. ...
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One of the forgotten traditional arts and crafts is repairing porcelain art. Documentation of experiences, knowledge, and techniques used in this profession are necessary to preserve Iranian culture. Field and library studies and interviews with experts and veterans of this art were used to collect information. This article discusses the introduction of tools, materials, and preparation methods. The repair steps of porcelain include assembling broken parts, making holes, assembling clamps, gluing, and strengthening. Types of traditional natural, plant, and animal adhesives and lime to prepare some of them, due to their resistance to moisture and sealing, are used in this art. The importance of studying techniques and materials of these professions is Recognition and protection of traditional industries will be followed by the preservation of ethics and authentic Iranian traditions. This study is part of the restoration and protection of cultural property. The conservation of cultural heritage is not limited to architectural works and tangible heritage. Cultural heritage has a comprehensiveness, which includes tangible and intangible components.
kaveh farhadi; Mostafa Taghizadeh
Abstract
. In this paper, the present researchers tried to review the elements and components existing between the Safavid era and the principles and architectural techniques of that period; in this sense, purity and cleanliness are also introduced along with the concepts of hidden aspects and finding the water ...
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. In this paper, the present researchers tried to review the elements and components existing between the Safavid era and the principles and architectural techniques of that period; in this sense, purity and cleanliness are also introduced along with the concepts of hidden aspects and finding the water architecture. However, in order to solve the critical problems in the water sphere, the unique features of our culture and beliefs are of particular importance to Iranians at that time. Therefore, in this paper, emphasizing the ancient symbols and images that their secret, according to Jung, is unconscious, we emphasize the symbols and beliefs in the context of the culture of the Iranian society, whose various forms have emerged, especially in the ritual of purity and the purification forms allegorical and metaphorical forms in the form of arts or belief beliefs. These forms, which are rooted in mythological beliefs (also the myths), have been a religious practice, and in the structures of Islamic art, the sanctity and purification of the window of this form have entered the arena of art with the appearance of water, and in the streams of beliefs and signs and symbols. The architecture of Isfahan school is fertilized with the help of its knowledge of time, and neglecting it causes the decline and decline of the Safavid era, and its effects appear to continue in the subsequent periods.
sahar zekavat; Khashayar Ghazizadeh
Abstract
Niello is a decorative technique on the engraving surface of silver and gold metal and that usually use to create contrast and look good of engraving motifs on metal surface. Today, Tabriz Armenian and the Ahwaz Mandaean craftsmen inherit this art that has been forgotten. This art is known between the ...
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Niello is a decorative technique on the engraving surface of silver and gold metal and that usually use to create contrast and look good of engraving motifs on metal surface. Today, Tabriz Armenian and the Ahwaz Mandaean craftsmen inherit this art that has been forgotten. This art is known between the two nations under different titles. The importance of the stated issue has made the necessity of doing the present study. Therefore, identifying the Combinations and the structure of the Tabriz Armenian Niello alloy and the black enamel of Ahwaz Mandaean and identifying the technical Similarities and differences between the alloys and how two native tribe are made this, has been considered as the main purpose of study. In this way library, documentary, and field data are analyzed and evaluated with descriptive-analytical-comparative approach and the results of the study show that the combination of the Tabriz Armenian Niello alloy and the black enamel of Ahwaz Mandaean is done with little detail and Armenian Niello include of silver, copper, lead, and sulfur while the lead Combination and lead-free (No lead) Combination are common among the Ahwaz Mandaean craftsmen.
Masoumeh Yousefi; seyyed ali asghar mirfatah; farzad mafi
Abstract
Mercury gilding is a method used to decorate silver traces during the Sassanid period. It has features that make the gold layer firmly attached to the silver base and the gold layer does not detach from the work over time.In this research, this question on has been raised as to what caused the gold layer ...
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Mercury gilding is a method used to decorate silver traces during the Sassanid period. It has features that make the gold layer firmly attached to the silver base and the gold layer does not detach from the work over time.In this research, this question on has been raised as to what caused the gold layer to last on the silver surface? The aim of this study is finding similarities and differences between the silver effect of the Sassanid period and the samples obtained from laboratory experiments,it has led to the knowledge of how to implement this method and also the reason for the stability of the gold layer on the silver surface. For this purpose, mercury gilding has been recovered and performed with an old specimen as metallurgical examination to identify the structure. Then, the surface of the coating and how the gold layer adheres to the base metal (SEM) is further studied.The results show that in this method, the gold coating is a type of penetration coating that causes the gold layer to adhere firmly to the silver base.
hossein mohammadzadeh; jamal khosravi
Abstract
Human beingstry to control water by examining many ways and methods. One of them has been building dam. Relying on their skills and facilities the people of every region have been building dams. One of these dams that was used in Saqez region to control the water of rivers in spring to autumn ...
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Human beingstry to control water by examining many ways and methods. One of them has been building dam. Relying on their skills and facilities the people of every region have been building dams. One of these dams that was used in Saqez region to control the water of rivers in spring to autumn was the construction of a dam with a kind of wooden structure called Wlyr. The purpose of this study is how people make Wlyr and what the functions of Wlyrdam are. In fact, this researchwas a case study. Data were collected by an observation and interview with people in Seifabad village in region. The data showed that the people have been building the dam in every spring with foliage and grass and wood. The dam conducts the water through the creeks to irrigate potato and alfalfa and the like. This damwas destroyed by flood in every autumn. Now a day, this construct ruined and displaced by water pump and pollution of environment. Rethinking in imposed modernity, returning to ethics and altruism is one of the suggested ways of the research.
shahrzad sadeghizadeh bafandeh; Seyede Simin Mirhashemi Dehkordi; hojjat mianabadi
Abstract
The complexity of human-natural systems has drawn attentions towards governance approaches, based on which is the Good Governance Theory. Scholars have proposed various principles for achieving good governance given the contextual conditions. Qanat is one of the most significant innovations of ...
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The complexity of human-natural systems has drawn attentions towards governance approaches, based on which is the Good Governance Theory. Scholars have proposed various principles for achieving good governance given the contextual conditions. Qanat is one of the most significant innovations of Iranian in dealing with water scarcity. Being one of the oldest Qanats in the country, Qasabeh Gonabad Qanat survived through thousands of years, benefiting from tacit knowledge. Despite richness of Iranian tacit knowledge, only technical and structural dimensions have received proper attention. Thus, due the necessity of studying tacit knowledge and good governance principles, the present study adopted library research and comparative analysis method and tried to link Iranian tacit knowledge to water governance approaches along with investigating principles of good governance in tacit knowledge in Qasabeh Gonabad Qanat. Our results indicated presence of several good governance principles including collaboration, adaptability, transparency, accountability, consensus oriented, rule of law and efficiency and effectiveness in the tacit knowledge of this Qanat.
Mohsen Badreh; Hamed Sajjadi; Mohammad Reza Farzaneh
Abstract
Constructing and using water systems and the indigenous knowledge associated with them are among the pivotal components of local communities, manifesting the convergent correlation of human life and Mother Nature. Practically, the purpose of this convergence was to realize human needs according ...
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Constructing and using water systems and the indigenous knowledge associated with them are among the pivotal components of local communities, manifesting the convergent correlation of human life and Mother Nature. Practically, the purpose of this convergence was to realize human needs according to a careful understanding of natural limitations which ends to formulation of a system of meanings and rituals related water using styles. As a historical water-storing construction, Burka maintains strong similarities with other traditional water-storing structures in other parts of Iran while remaining particularities due to the geographical and cultural conditions of Qeshm Island. Relying on a realistic ethnography method, and after selection of 18 urban and rural regions in the island as its field, this study used both deep and focus-group interviews with more than 80 persons of local informants along with participative observation and survey of related published documents to collect and analyze the data regarding this traditional knowledge. Finally, this study led to a thick description of the indigenous knowledge regarding construction, maintenance and utilizing Burkas and functional-ritual values around them. Wise techniques of spotting the best location for harvesting the best quality rain water and building the Burka according to a technical intelligent architecture and then channeling the stream to the sediment pool and then transmitting it to a deep covered basin (constructing), constant solidarity of local communities through subtle mores (maintenance), and frugality and contentment in using water according to priorities (utilizing) are prominent components of this indigenous knowledge.
soren mostafaie
Abstract
Modernity is associated with many changes in human life.One of the most important of which is the change in the relationship between man and nature, whose consequences can be traced in a variety of arenas. With the discovery of the injuries and negative consequences of man's dominance of nature, ...
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Modernity is associated with many changes in human life.One of the most important of which is the change in the relationship between man and nature, whose consequences can be traced in a variety of arenas. With the discovery of the injuries and negative consequences of man's dominance of nature, resistance was also created against these human interferences. The reactions and protests of writers, poets, intellectuals, filmmakers and scholars of social sciences and society against these changes and delusions in Iran have been started half a century ago. In this paper, the researcher tried to make the release of the Talan movie a pretext for revising these fundamental questions; the fundamental questions raised by the film. But the question is:Haven’t we seen such questions before in other films? Did the writers, poets and scholars of the social sciences, the development and the school of modernization have not been challenged before? This article tried to go along with the film and put some of the issues raised in the film in another way. Talan, with the depiction of shortcomings and shortcomings, ends up with a vision of poets of hope. In this article, the researcher tried to look again at the philosophical foundations of hope in the geographic region of the desert of Iran.
Mohammad sadegh ebrahimi; ali torabi
Abstract
Iranian peasants and farmers have long sought to devise and use appropriate methods to provide water for their cultivation by limiting water resources for agriculture. Studying the different traditional methods of water extraction in the central plateau of Iran, which faced with more serious ...
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Iranian peasants and farmers have long sought to devise and use appropriate methods to provide water for their cultivation by limiting water resources for agriculture. Studying the different traditional methods of water extraction in the central plateau of Iran, which faced with more serious limitations, can help to identify their indigenous knowledge in this regard. The prominence of the emergence of the knowledge of Iranian peasants worldwide indicates the maturity of Iranian civilization in this geography. Although, in some parts of Iran, with a little more detailed exploration and examination, clear examples of this kindcan be observed. Therefore, this study attempts to investigate and introduce one of the manifestations of indigenous knowledge of villagers of central plateau of Iran in water extraction for agriculture. The concept of cow-wells especially reasons, necessities and especially the characteristics of the knowledge contained therein can be a reflection of Iranian culture, civilization and knowledge in this arid region. The cow-wells of Haj Ibrahim in Varzaneh district in Isfahan township due to being in the driest part of the Iran and the constant exposure to drought on the one hand reflects the genius of Iranians in the past and also on the other hand, its revived by a farmer (Haj Ibrahim) indicated of adaptation of innovation for Iranian farmers' to takes advantage of its traditional cultural and economic and social benefits for achieve the sustainable development in this region. The use of entrepreneurial approaches, especially the creation of sustainable jobs in the field of tourism development for themselves and others can be one of the positive aspects of using such an approach in difficult conditions and water shortages in the region. Continuing to pay attention to traditional cultural heritage, and especially to the underlying knowledge base, along with the need to support not only the material but the spiritual revival of these traditions, may be the result and suggestion of the present study.
Morteza Salemi Ghamsari; Sina forouzesh; Mohammad reza Hojjati
Abstract
Natural factors play a decisive and determinative role in the historical, cultural and social phenomena of any society. In the water-scarce land of Iran throughout history, the aqueduct has been the most important way of exploiting water resources, which has been preserved, maintained and used ...
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Natural factors play a decisive and determinative role in the historical, cultural and social phenomena of any society. In the water-scarce land of Iran throughout history, the aqueduct has been the most important way of exploiting water resources, which has been preserved, maintained and used and exploited collectively. Shared water resources and their consequences and long-term investment in the construction and maintenance of aqueducts required long-term plans, which could not be combined with individualism and competitive culture, and contrary to some Iranian writers and intellectuals, not compatible. The construction of the aqueduct is the result of a long-term, peaceful and supportive participatory culture, and its existence has strengthened and reproduced this culture. This article deals with the tax on the use of water or the alimony of the aqueduct, which was the clever foresight of our ancestors towards the financial self-sufficiency of the aqueduct. In traditional irrigation systems, alimony is the sum of money spent during water circulation circuits throughout the irrigated year, which includes the wages of the irrigation group and the ancillary expenses of the water source. In the continuation of the work, the alimony of several aqueducts from different parts of Iran is also mentioned.
morteza farhadi
Abstract
We have two types of society and culture; the former is very old with the main focus on “continuous interaction”, all kinds of assistance and similarity and the pursuit of dignity, and the latter is newer and heterogeneous societies after the invention of manuscript and the discovery ...
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We have two types of society and culture; the former is very old with the main focus on “continuous interaction”, all kinds of assistance and similarity and the pursuit of dignity, and the latter is newer and heterogeneous societies after the invention of manuscript and the discovery of iron and governmental organizations separated from the main tribal organization. Of course, neither of these two societies and culture exists in its purest form today, but the “residue principle” proves their existence in the past, and most of their white or black compounds are now visible in the world. The author has found that contrary to most popular theories, technology, in spite of its complexity and great progress, has never reached the stage of autonomy and, in the words of Iranian villagers, has not reached the level of restraint and has not been “subjugated”, and is precisely subject to the system of creator, customer and buyer. Just as technology in traditional societies has been the embodiment and crystallization of its culture. Each of these two types of society and culture has its own preferred technologies and accepted social relations with others and nature, regarding its own objective values, norms and their own lifestyle and are compatible with culture to discover and invent compatible with climate and culture, and they raise their economies, and memorize the characteristics of their society and culture in the technologies they have built or chosen.“Ki” and “Kariz” are the best examples of a set of ideas, assumptions, discoveries and inventions that were invented in Iran with an arid and semi-arid climate during food production (horticulture, agriculture and animal husbandry) and spread to many similar countries in the world. Found that they had a culture of collectivism and participation The problem is that in the last five hundred years, and especially after the Industrial Revolution in England, the system of trade, colonialism, Orientalist and Eurocentric theories with its various letters, including the modernization of the primary school, has not advanced to developed societies and countries. Especially for countries with rich crude resources they need, to impose both their scientific and technological authority, and to provide stable and high demand markets for their products. Such actions have destroyed the several-thousand-year-old agricultural systems and organizations and irrigation resources of such countries as Iran, and most importantly, many irreparable damage has been done to nature, ecosystems and ecosystems of such countries. It is creative to justify the mercantile-colonial system. The French philosopher and sociologist Michel Foucault had correctly recognized that the new power would never be seen. First of all, this article wants to watch the reader of "power / knowledge / technology" knowingly and often unwillingly in these transformations. The task of this article, like our detailed article in the water issue of the Social Sciences Quarterly of the Faculty of Social Sciences of Allameh Tabataba’i University, is to show the hidden and camouflaged hand of the power of a bowl and the unipolarity of the commercial-colonial system behind important changes in countries like ours. Without its understanding, it will be very difficult to find ways out of various problems, including environmental problems in the world and in countries like ours.
Indigenous Knowledge
Morteza Salemi Ghamsari
Abstract
Abstract
Based on the evidences and documents left from ancient Iran, the art of dyeing and carpet weaving has been common in Iran since the past, and in the contemporary period, one of the most important centers of carpet weaving and dyeing in Iran is Isfahan province and Nain city. Nain carpet ...
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Abstract
Based on the evidences and documents left from ancient Iran, the art of dyeing and carpet weaving has been common in Iran since the past, and in the contemporary period, one of the most important centers of carpet weaving and dyeing in Iran is Isfahan province and Nain city. Nain carpet is very famous, because it is one of the brightest manifestations of the use of natural and traditional colors, and it owes a large part of its fame to this quality. Dyeing in this area is done with natural and traditional colors, which is slightly different from other carpet weaving centers that have traditional dyeing, and despite some chemical dyes that are used as an auxiliary, natural color are still dominant in the area. In this article, the traditional dyeing in the historical village of Jeshvaqan, which is located 40 km from Nain, is discussed. Until about 50 years ago, this village had 12 active traditional dyeing units and the main fame of this village was due to its dyeing units, but now with the closure of some workshops, there are 6 dyeing workshops in this village that one of them is half closed. This article has been done in the field. This craft requires more attention from provincial and regional authorities.
soheila yousofvand; hossein barani; mojgansadat azimi; Hamid Niknahad; Abolfazl Sharifiyan
Abstract
The main question in this study is how herders perceive plants in saline and alkaline rangelands and the relation between water, soil and plants. Data collection was done using field walks and semi-structured interviews with herders in Incheh Borun rangeland, Aq Qala county at Golestan province, Iran. ...
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The main question in this study is how herders perceive plants in saline and alkaline rangelands and the relation between water, soil and plants. Data collection was done using field walks and semi-structured interviews with herders in Incheh Borun rangeland, Aq Qala county at Golestan province, Iran. Herders mentioned 38 plant species with local names. Traditional knowledge of herders showed that land in Turkmen Sahra is classified into two categories of sour and sweet and ocassionally healthy-unhealthy or good-bad are used instead to describe land. Herders also described seven categories for soil including Shishei (glassy), Shor (sour), Martoob (wet), Naor (small basins), Tappeh (hill), Ghermez (red) and Siah (black) where specific plants grow in each category. The result of this study showed that Turkmen herders carry rich knowledge regarding the description of plants and habitats. The innovation of this study was using Turkmen herders’ traditional knowledge in identification of plants, soil categories and their characteristics which is done for the first time in the region. It is recommended that policymaking in natural resources management of Iran apply buttom-up planning and decision-making in order to use traditional ecological knowledge of local communities.
Serwa Hosseini; Gholamali Heshmati; Mohammad Rahim Froozeh; Parviz Karami
Abstract
Ethnobotanical investigation in the rangelands of Abidar mountain, located in the southwest of Sanandaj city and the surrounding countrysidehigh ecological diversity and the widespread approach of people to the use of medicinal plants and traditional medicine identification and introduction of plants ...
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Ethnobotanical investigation in the rangelands of Abidar mountain, located in the southwest of Sanandaj city and the surrounding countrysidehigh ecological diversity and the widespread approach of people to the use of medicinal plants and traditional medicine identification and introduction of plants It made medicinal and native of the region and their uses necessary.Pioneer studies and field surveys, preparation of the list of medicinal and edible plants documentary studies and in-depth and semi-structured interviews, beliefs and knowledge of local communities and their documentation. For each species, plant family, scientific name of the species, Persian name, local name, therapeutic properties, organ used and method of consumption were compiled.Identification of 215 medicinal and edible species belonging to 49 plant families. Asteraceae families with 64 species, Poaceae with 38 species and Apiaceae with 35 species have the most abundance and the distribution percentage is the same, leaves are the most used with 35% distribution and The preparation of tea is the most widely used, the healing of joint and rheumatic pains is the mostThe lack of documented ethnobotanical studies, the need to protect these plants and record people's knowledge about local treatments
Indigenous Knowledge
Mohammad Afrough
Abstract
Ili and nomadic braids are a part of the weaving system and an outstanding example of the native arts of this layer, which is remarkable in the artistic and visual field. in the meantime, kormanji weavings in north Khorasan are a part of this system, which has visual capacity and capabilities in terms ...
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Ili and nomadic braids are a part of the weaving system and an outstanding example of the native arts of this layer, which is remarkable in the artistic and visual field. in the meantime, kormanji weavings in north Khorasan are a part of this system, which has visual capacity and capabilities in terms of aesthetics (design, pattern, and color). therefore, the process of decorating the text of the weaves is done in the light of the simple concept of weaving, mental weaving, and the result is the formation of patterns with a geometric and abstract nature. due to the type and form of the pattern, the style and format of expression of shapes and forms are created, which can be defined in two abstract and abstract styles from a visual and visual point of view. this approach can be explained for all motifs of nomadic weaves. from this point of view, the question is, what are the types of kormanj woven motifs and what are the characteristics and criteria of applying abstract styles to the said motifs and designs? the aim of this research is to identify, classify and analyze all kinds of abstract motifs in kormanj weavings. the upcoming
Indigenous Knowledge
ameneh mafitabar
Abstract
Textiles had wide-ranging applications in people's daily lives during the Qajar era, as in any other era. This study aimed to identify different applications of fabrics in Qajar kitchens and catering and also examine their decorations and accessories. The main research question is how can the digital ...
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Textiles had wide-ranging applications in people's daily lives during the Qajar era, as in any other era. This study aimed to identify different applications of fabrics in Qajar kitchens and catering and also examine their decorations and accessories. The main research question is how can the digital archive of Harvard University be employed to recover and analyze fabric pieces used in the Qajar kitchen and catering. This was historical research using a descriptive-analytical approach and purposive sampling of Qajar fabrics associated with food preparation and feasting. The findings revealed that fabrics played a significant role in storing catering equipment during this period. These items were generally decorated with embroidery. Some items such as tablecloths and eating mats were sometimes decorated through printing techniques (Kalamkari). Although fabrics decorated through weaving techniques were used in kitchen settings, the extensive utilization of decoration (particularly needlework and, later on, block printing) in small kitchen items was aimed for decorative purposes and also concealing wear and tear in fabrics.
Indigenous Knowledge
Maryam Mohammadi; Reza Rahimnia; Amir Mohammad Moazezi Mehr-e-Tehran
Abstract
Intangible cultural heritage is a bridge that connects the past to the present and the present to the future. The intangible heritage of Gorgan has also brought the dynamism and vitality of Gorgan's historical context from long ago to the present day by flowing in the neighborhood centers. these centers ...
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Intangible cultural heritage is a bridge that connects the past to the present and the present to the future. The intangible heritage of Gorgan has also brought the dynamism and vitality of Gorgan's historical context from long ago to the present day by flowing in the neighborhood centers. these centers are Takāya of the city. The Takaya of the city is the arena of manifestation of living culture and a public place to show cultural and religious solidarity. This article, with the aim of "introducing and documenting the intangible heritage and living culture of the Gorgan in relation to the urban and neighborhood centers of the city (Takāya)", relies on written and oral documents. This study has recorded and introduced this heritage of Gorgan through document study and interviews. A study that shows that some of these legacies are still active (Such as Toqh Bāndān, Halīm-Pazī, Sobhe Ruo-Siāh and Shām-i Gharībān), some of them have changed (Such as Daste-Gardāni, Pā-Manbarī, Daste-Choubī) and some of them (Such as women's ta'ziya) have also been forgotten. Considering the interrelated relationship between Takaya's structure and the intangible heritage of the city, this dual relationship has provided better conservation.
Indigenous Knowledge
Zahra Taghadosnejad; Abolfazl Davodiroknabadi; Mohammad-Reza Sharifzadeh
Abstract
As one of the important occupations, cloth weaving played a significant role in the economy, culture and social conditions of Iranian society in the Safavid era. Due to the support of the court and rulers, this profession experienced significant growth and development. The expansion of textile workshops ...
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As one of the important occupations, cloth weaving played a significant role in the economy, culture and social conditions of Iranian society in the Safavid era. Due to the support of the court and rulers, this profession experienced significant growth and development. The expansion of textile workshops and the gathering of artists in these workshops caused valuable textiles to be remembered from this period. These textiles were often used to supply the clothes of courtiers, luxurious curtains, and royal tombs. Textiles that seem to be neglected today and forgotten after the Safavid era. Based on this, the aim of this research is to identify the weaving method of a sample of Safavid period fabrics kept in the Metropolitan Museum. To make the weaving method of this fabric a technical analysis. The collection of information in this research was in the library and field. To achieve this goal, it has been done using a descriptive-analytical method.The findings of this research show that in the Prince and Asir fabric, for the implementation of the pattern, the atlas-finish type of weave is necessarily used, and the method of pattern implementation is in the form of a train. (Rupport 1/2 Rotating Adjective).
Indigenous Knowledge
Hosein Raie
Abstract
Throughout history, Iranians' livelihoods were contingent on agriculture and farming, and affluent landowners and lords were regarded as noble and high social strata. Existing historical and archaeological records and documents demonstrate agricultural heritage sites in Iran's cultural area. Some are ...
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Throughout history, Iranians' livelihoods were contingent on agriculture and farming, and affluent landowners and lords were regarded as noble and high social strata. Existing historical and archaeological records and documents demonstrate agricultural heritage sites in Iran's cultural area. Some are related to farmsteads, which developed from the early Islamic ages to the twentieth century and were utilized for centuries as a means of subsistence and commerce. They had four ownership system types: endowment, lordship, court and regality, and in the Qajar and Pahlavi periods, part of them came under lordship ownership. This ownership type has resulted in physical and functional changes in historical farmsteads due to political, social, and economic changes in Iran during the 19th and 20th centuries, challenging their identity and authenticity.The moot point of the research is the need for a deeper understanding of the relationship between lordly ownership and the life of Iranian farmsteads during the Qajar and Pahlavi periods, and this article aims to introduce the influential elements using the interpretive approach and historical interpretive strategy. To this end, the Qazibala farmstead in Qom will be used as a healthy and comprehensive case study of an Iranian farmstead.
