Abdolazim Poya
Abstract
In lands where bread is the main food of their people, mills play a determinative role in organizing their lives, and for this reason, in the course of time, they are constantly updated and adapted to the requirements of the environment. Karizi mills in Yazd, especially in Meybod, ...
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In lands where bread is the main food of their people, mills play a determinative role in organizing their lives, and for this reason, in the course of time, they are constantly updated and adapted to the requirements of the environment. Karizi mills in Yazd, especially in Meybod, have evolved by the same mechanism. A clear example is Meybod Dousangi Mill which was created by using advanced karez technology in the desert environment. This mill, which is typically very specific, is located 40 meters underground and along the Qutbabad aqueduct. Dosangi mill which had been submerged by wind, soil, and floods in the desert for fifty years after the inefficient karez dried up, in 1999, by the help of elderly information, was recognized and registered as a national work.
Morteza Salemi Ghamsari; Sina forouzesh; Mohammad reza Hojjati
Abstract
Natural factors play a decisive and determinative role in the historical, cultural and social phenomena of any society. In the water-scarce land of Iran throughout history, the aqueduct has been the most important way of exploiting water resources, which has been preserved, maintained and used ...
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Natural factors play a decisive and determinative role in the historical, cultural and social phenomena of any society. In the water-scarce land of Iran throughout history, the aqueduct has been the most important way of exploiting water resources, which has been preserved, maintained and used and exploited collectively. Shared water resources and their consequences and long-term investment in the construction and maintenance of aqueducts required long-term plans, which could not be combined with individualism and competitive culture, and contrary to some Iranian writers and intellectuals, not compatible. The construction of the aqueduct is the result of a long-term, peaceful and supportive participatory culture, and its existence has strengthened and reproduced this culture. This article deals with the tax on the use of water or the alimony of the aqueduct, which was the clever foresight of our ancestors towards the financial self-sufficiency of the aqueduct. In traditional irrigation systems, alimony is the sum of money spent during water circulation circuits throughout the irrigated year, which includes the wages of the irrigation group and the ancillary expenses of the water source. In the continuation of the work, the alimony of several aqueducts from different parts of Iran is also mentioned.
morteza farhadi
Abstract
We have two types of society and culture; the former is very old with the main focus on “continuous interaction”, all kinds of assistance and similarity and the pursuit of dignity, and the latter is newer and heterogeneous societies after the invention of manuscript and the discovery ...
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We have two types of society and culture; the former is very old with the main focus on “continuous interaction”, all kinds of assistance and similarity and the pursuit of dignity, and the latter is newer and heterogeneous societies after the invention of manuscript and the discovery of iron and governmental organizations separated from the main tribal organization. Of course, neither of these two societies and culture exists in its purest form today, but the “residue principle” proves their existence in the past, and most of their white or black compounds are now visible in the world. The author has found that contrary to most popular theories, technology, in spite of its complexity and great progress, has never reached the stage of autonomy and, in the words of Iranian villagers, has not reached the level of restraint and has not been “subjugated”, and is precisely subject to the system of creator, customer and buyer. Just as technology in traditional societies has been the embodiment and crystallization of its culture. Each of these two types of society and culture has its own preferred technologies and accepted social relations with others and nature, regarding its own objective values, norms and their own lifestyle and are compatible with culture to discover and invent compatible with climate and culture, and they raise their economies, and memorize the characteristics of their society and culture in the technologies they have built or chosen.“Ki” and “Kariz” are the best examples of a set of ideas, assumptions, discoveries and inventions that were invented in Iran with an arid and semi-arid climate during food production (horticulture, agriculture and animal husbandry) and spread to many similar countries in the world. Found that they had a culture of collectivism and participation The problem is that in the last five hundred years, and especially after the Industrial Revolution in England, the system of trade, colonialism, Orientalist and Eurocentric theories with its various letters, including the modernization of the primary school, has not advanced to developed societies and countries. Especially for countries with rich crude resources they need, to impose both their scientific and technological authority, and to provide stable and high demand markets for their products. Such actions have destroyed the several-thousand-year-old agricultural systems and organizations and irrigation resources of such countries as Iran, and most importantly, many irreparable damage has been done to nature, ecosystems and ecosystems of such countries. It is creative to justify the mercantile-colonial system. The French philosopher and sociologist Michel Foucault had correctly recognized that the new power would never be seen. First of all, this article wants to watch the reader of "power / knowledge / technology" knowingly and often unwillingly in these transformations. The task of this article, like our detailed article in the water issue of the Social Sciences Quarterly of the Faculty of Social Sciences of Allameh Tabataba’i University, is to show the hidden and camouflaged hand of the power of a bowl and the unipolarity of the commercial-colonial system behind important changes in countries like ours. Without its understanding, it will be very difficult to find ways out of various problems, including environmental problems in the world and in countries like ours.
