Indigenous Knowledge of Iran

Abstract The study of indigenous knowledge and food preparation using pasture plants is recognized as an important topic in ethnographic research, with the documentation of this knowledge resting on ethnographers. Accordingly, the aim of the researchers in this study is to gather the knowledge of the people in the Shah Kuh Sofla region regarding the preparation of various local dishes using wild pasture plants. To document this invaluable indigenous knowledge, interviews were conducted in the spring and summer of 2023 and 2024 using participatory observation and open interviews, with local experts identified through snowball sampling. In this research, a total of 13 wild plants were identified, and the preparation methods for 16 types of dishes were recorded. with all or various parts of these plants being utilized as main ingredients or as additives, seasonings, flavorings, and spices. Considering the extensive knowledge of past generations regarding food preparation and traditional dishes, it can be stated that documenting and analyzing indigenous knowledge related to local food preparation not only helps preserve culinary culture but can also provide strategies for improving community nutrition..

Abstract Hormozgan Province is recognized as a center of indigenous knowledge and cultural diversity in southern Iran. The traditional women's garment known as the "burqa" goes beyond mere clothing, carrying deep semantic, social, and economic layers. Despite its historical and cultural significance, few studies have phenomenologically explored the lived experiences of Hormozgani women regarding the multifaceted functions of the burqa. The aim of this research is to analyze the lived dimensions of burqa-wearing among women in Hormozgan.

This study was conducted using a descriptive-analytical approach within the framework of phenomenology of lived experiences. Data were collected through semi-structured in-depth interviews with 15 burqa-wearing women (selected through purposive sampling until theoretical saturation was reached). Data analysis was performed using MAXQDA software and thematic coding.

The analysis yielded 249 initial codes, which were categorized into three main themes: symbolic dimensions and sensory perceptions, manifestation of beliefs and religious obligations, and representation of identity and cultural structuralism. The findings indicate that the burqa functions as a cultural mediator and reflects a generational shift from its original role of “concealment and invisibility” toward new functions of “adornment and economic agency.”

Abstract This study explores livestock diseases and indigenous treatment methods within the nomadic Kalahur tribe in Eyvan County. The central research question focuses on analyzing the causes of animal diseases and traditional healing strategies within the cultural and symbolic framework of the nomadic community. It highlights the complex interplay between empirical knowledge and local beliefs in managing animal health. The methodology is based on a qualitative and ethnographic approach, with data collected through fieldwork, participant observation, and in-depth interviews with herders, veterinarians, and knowledgeable individuals.
Findings reveal that livestock diseases are influenced by various factors, including infectious, parasitic, physical, and environmental agents. Treatments are implemented through a combination of practical methods, medicinal plants, traditional surgeries, and symbolic rituals. In this community, healing practices transcend mere medical procedures and are considered social and spiritual acts that play a vital role in maintaining animal health and strengthening social bonds.
This research underscores the importance of preserving and utilizing indigenous knowledge in designing veterinary health programs that align with the cultural context of nomadic societies.

Abstract In the history of Iranian architecture, roofs have played multifaceted social and cultural roles far beyond their physical protective functions; yet, these diverse qualities have rarely been scrutinized. This study aims to discover and categorize the functional dimensions of roofs in Iranian urban life by employing qualitative content analysis within a historical-hermeneutic framework. To this end, 23 travelogues from the Qajar era (15 by Iranians and 8 by foreign travelers) were systematically examined. Through thematic coding, roof functions were classified into seven main categories: religious, ritual, economic, everyday life/recreation, defense, social interaction, and mental/observational spaces. Findings reveal that historical roofs served as active arenas for social gatherings and daily life, with “recreation and everyday life” being the dominant function. In contrast, contemporary roofs have largely been reduced to technical infrastructure, neglecting these social capacities. The research highlights the necessity of reviving a comprehensive approach to “roofscapes” and integrating their cultural-social heritage into contemporary architectural and urban policies.

Abstract Abstract
Transhumance has existed in the nomadic livestock system for a long time, but it has undergone transformation with the political, social and economic changes of the country. These changes took place slowly before the Pahlavi era. But after that it gained more speed. Showing the path of evolution can be useful in modifying or changing relevant management plans.
Objective
In this regard, the current research was carried out with the aim of analyzing the changes in the nomadic migration of Hamuleh clan of Bakhtiari tribe, who have been nomadic for many years and had "lived experience" in this field and had expressed their cooperation for the implementation of the project.
Material and methods
Due to the exploratory nature of the study, the evaluation was done with a qualitative method, relying on mental approaches and constructing social reality, respectively, with reference to the theories of symbolic interaction and ethnographic methodology. Data collection methods, according to the research objectives and field conditions, included in-depth individual and group interviews and focused group discussion techniques.The participants were 236 nomads from the four clans of Tizgerd, Dawood Mohammadi, Ardashgharib and Sheikh of Hamuleh tribe, who are the beneficiaries of 3 traditional rangeland sites

Abstract صنایع نخلی و حصیربافی یکی از مهمترین صنایع دستی جنوب کرمان، بلوچستان و هرمزگان است. ماده اولیه و اصلی این صنعت «پیش» یا برگ‌های درخت نخل است. علاوه بر پیش، تقریبا تمام اجزای درخت نخل در فرهنگ و اجتماع مردم نواحی جنوبی ایران مورد استفاده قرار می‌گیرد. بنابراین هدف اصلی پژوهش بررسی دانش مردم‌شناسی درخت نخل و صنایع نخلی در جنوب ایران است. پژوهش پیش‌رو مطالعه‌ای مردم‌شناسی است، داده‌ها از طریق منابع کتبی، شفاهی و کار میدانی فراهم آمده است و با توجه به اهداف پژوهش، درخت نخل و صنایع نخلی در اقتصاد، فرهنگ و جامعه مردم میناب، و نیز شیوه تولید و روش بافت، و نیز ابزارهای این صنعت مورد بررسی قرار گرفت و مشخص گردید که هیچ درختی به اندازه نخل در فرهنگ و جامعه نواحی جنوبی ایران و از جمله در هرمزگان ریشه ندوانیده است. در میان صنایع نخلی و از نظر میزان کاربرد آن در زندگی و فرهنگ مردم این نواحی، می‌توان حصیربافی و سازه‌های نخلی، ازجمله سِوِند، پَروند و سُواس را مهمترین آن‌ها دانست. صنایع نخلی هم جنبه استفاده شخصی و خانگی، و هم جنبه تجاری دارند. تولید و عرضه آن‌ها در بازار، به اقتصاد و افزایش سطح درآمد خانواده کمک می‌کند.

Abstract The presence of this role of two-hoofed camel in works with symbolic meanings is a continuation of remembering its physical characteristics and the suitability of its living characteristics with environments where less quadrupeds can continue to live without problems. The main purpose of this article is to analyze the role of two-humped camel in Iranian artworks as a symbol of vitality compatible with the environment. The statistical population includes the motif of two humped camel motifs in 6 examples of works from different periods in Iran. This research aims to answer this question: How are the characteristics of the body structure and the climatic conditions of the Dukohan camel represented in Iranian artworks and to what extent are they simulated? The collection of materials has been done in the library method and with a historical approach, in a descriptive-analytical way. The results show that although the main role of the double-humped camel in the works has not been recreated with completely similar characteristics, the existence of few similarities have reflected the most important symbolic meanings of camels, i.e. adaptation to the environment.

Abstract Pistachio is an ancient Iranian orchard crop and fruit with diverse roles in economy, culture, art, and literature. Beyond its agricultural and horticultural significance, its presence in oral and written folk traditions reflects its deep-rooted importance among Iranians, especially in regions where it is cultivated.

This article explores the cultural functions of pistachio in Iranian folk heritage, focusing on its historical background, local expressions, and literary presence in oral traditions and intangible culture. Particular attention is given to Damghan (Semnan Province), Sirjan, and Rafsanjan (Kerman Province), where pistachio holds symbolic and practical value.

In addition to its economic relevance, the study highlights indigenous knowledge and folk expressions such as proverbs, riddles, songs, beliefs, tales, and traditional medicine. The research employs a descriptive, experiential, and narrative methodology, combining library sources with fieldwork.

Through an interdisciplinary lens—bridging Iranian studies and anthropology—this article reveals how pistachio embodies cultural memory, local wisdom, and symbolic imagination in the everyday life and oral heritage of the Iranian people.

Abstract Postmodernism’s orientation towards plurality rather than unity, and its valuing of differences and inconsistencies, is in line with paying attention to the diversity of indigenous knowledge around the world. Indigenous knowledge includes the expressions, practices, beliefs, understandings, insights, and experiences of indigenous groups that have been developed over centuries of deep interaction with a particular land. Indigenous knowledge is of great importance in the field of soil and water conservation due to its desirable functions, which include ensuring high adaptability, maintaining ecological balance, and promoting popular participation and involvement. The rate of soil erosion in Iran is significantly higher than the global average. This article attempts to examine the indigenous knowledge of farmers in different regions of Iran regarding soil conservation. Therefore, soil scientists must clarify the technical aspects of these methods with their modern knowledge. It has been revealed that indigenous knowledge in the water and soil is highly adaptable, can maintain environmental balance, and also encourages public participation. Managers and decision-makers in the water and soil executive sector need to use indigenous knowledge alongside modern technologies to combat soil erosion.