Indigenous Knowledge
Mohammad Afrough
Abstract
Ili and nomadic braids are a part of the weaving system and an outstanding example of the native arts of this layer, which is remarkable in the artistic and visual field. in the meantime, kormanji weavings in north Khorasan are a part of this system, which has visual capacity and capabilities in terms ...
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Ili and nomadic braids are a part of the weaving system and an outstanding example of the native arts of this layer, which is remarkable in the artistic and visual field. in the meantime, kormanji weavings in north Khorasan are a part of this system, which has visual capacity and capabilities in terms of aesthetics (design, pattern, and color). therefore, the process of decorating the text of the weaves is done in the light of the simple concept of weaving, mental weaving, and the result is the formation of patterns with a geometric and abstract nature. due to the type and form of the pattern, the style and format of expression of shapes and forms are created, which can be defined in two abstract and abstract styles from a visual and visual point of view. this approach can be explained for all motifs of nomadic weaves. from this point of view, the question is, what are the types of kormanj woven motifs and what are the characteristics and criteria of applying abstract styles to the said motifs and designs? the aim of this research is to identify, classify and analyze all kinds of abstract motifs in kormanj weavings. the upcoming
Indigenous Knowledge
ameneh mafitabar
Abstract
Textiles had wide-ranging applications in people's daily lives during the Qajar era, as in any other era. This study aimed to identify different applications of fabrics in Qajar kitchens and catering and also examine their decorations and accessories. The main research question is how can the digital ...
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Textiles had wide-ranging applications in people's daily lives during the Qajar era, as in any other era. This study aimed to identify different applications of fabrics in Qajar kitchens and catering and also examine their decorations and accessories. The main research question is how can the digital archive of Harvard University be employed to recover and analyze fabric pieces used in the Qajar kitchen and catering. This was historical research using a descriptive-analytical approach and purposive sampling of Qajar fabrics associated with food preparation and feasting. The findings revealed that fabrics played a significant role in storing catering equipment during this period. These items were generally decorated with embroidery. Some items such as tablecloths and eating mats were sometimes decorated through printing techniques (Kalamkari). Although fabrics decorated through weaving techniques were used in kitchen settings, the extensive utilization of decoration (particularly needlework and, later on, block printing) in small kitchen items was aimed for decorative purposes and also concealing wear and tear in fabrics.
Indigenous Knowledge
atefe fazel; mehdi razani
Abstract
This research has been done, with the purpose of reconstructing the glaze manufacturing technology based on historical formulas with an emphasis on the carved pottery of the middle ages of the Islamic period and based on the experimental- technical method. The main questions are: 1) What was the process ...
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This research has been done, with the purpose of reconstructing the glaze manufacturing technology based on historical formulas with an emphasis on the carved pottery of the middle ages of the Islamic period and based on the experimental- technical method. The main questions are: 1) What was the process of development and formation of sgraffito pottery until its peak? 2)According to the available information regarding the technical operation of sgraffito pottery, how can it be revived? In this article, the history and techniques of sgraffito pottery and its developments in Iran, as well as the stages of making scratched pottery, with an emphasis on the Aqhkand type pottery, are discussed and based on this, by designing experimental-technical tests, prototyping, and testing the body of pottery and glaze has been carried out, based on observations and visual study Aqhkand pottery collection. The results showed that by considering some factors such as: coordination of the appropriate clay body, the coordination of white slip with the colored glaze, the coordination of the colored glaze with the transparent glaze coating on the body of pottery controlling the formula and amounts of the materials, the desired glaze can be restored and revived.
Indigenous Knowledge
Samera Salimpour Abkenar; Amir Anvari Moghaddam
Abstract
Traditional spinning and weaving have been formed following the climatic, material, and spiritual needs of different relatives. Generally, the natural resources of each region are selected as the first option for the production of hand-woven textiles. This research introduces a valuable plant resource ...
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Traditional spinning and weaving have been formed following the climatic, material, and spiritual needs of different relatives. Generally, the natural resources of each region are selected as the first option for the production of hand-woven textiles. This research introduces a valuable plant resource called "Malleh cotton", which has been revived and re-cultivated in the Khosf of South Khorasan. Malleh cotton is a kind of soft and brown cotton, which is considered "blessed and holy" by local residents due to its warming properties in winter. The purpose is to preserve the intangible cultural heritage of "the cultivation, traditional spinning, and weaving of Malleh cotton". The most important question of this study is: what is the structural difference between Malleh and white cotton? In order to find a suitable answer to the mentioned question, conventional FTIR and XRD analyses have been used. The research method is based on field studies, interviews, and published documents. The results show that the cultivation method of Malleh is similar to white cotton and it is possible to spin and weave it in a completely manual and traditional method.
Indigenous Knowledge
shima DOOLABI; mohammadnabi salim
Abstract
The parameter of this research is to investigate a structure that has a defensive position and a geostrategic position in Iran, which with its special components such as: defense power, deterrent geography, environmental control and transit connection, has played an important role in the passive defense ...
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The parameter of this research is to investigate a structure that has a defensive position and a geostrategic position in Iran, which with its special components such as: defense power, deterrent geography, environmental control and transit connection, has played an important role in the passive defense of societies .The ancient Tazareh fortress of Damghan is one of the buildings and preventive defense networks of Iran that remain unknown. This castle, in connection with historical and geographical changes, has prevented the vulnerability of human society and strengthened local security.The purpose of this research, using field observations and analytical studies, is to measure the situation and interpret the basics of the defense of Tazareh Castle and the importance of its passive defense. The findings of this research indicate that the multifaceted and distinguished feature of this fort, on the aspect of passive defense elements such as: geographical location, covering and concealing of installations, obstacles, and the benefit of protective walls are important. In a way that defensive layering and defensive measures have put the location of the castle in a superior position
Indigenous Knowledge
Mahshid Radaei; Parisa Hashempour; Farhad Ahmadnejad; Hamed Beyti
Abstract
Iranian historical buildings are manifestations of the worldview and cultural-social-ecological structure, which is based on indigenous concepts, principles, and values, and strives to meet the temporal and spatial needs of its users. The historical distance of contemporary times from the progress of ...
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Iranian historical buildings are manifestations of the worldview and cultural-social-ecological structure, which is based on indigenous concepts, principles, and values, and strives to meet the temporal and spatial needs of its users. The historical distance of contemporary times from the progress of the achievements of architectural predecessors and sometimes superficial imitation of the past form and appearance of architecture has faced many contemporary architects with the concern of the formation of architectural work with identity. The question of the research is, what has changed the physical-spatial characteristics of residential buildings from the point of view of the realization of indigenous values over time? The current research is a descriptive-analytical study to explain the place of indigenous values in Iranian architecture, which examines the physical-spatial changes of residential buildings from the perspective of the realization of indigenous values over time. The comparison of case studies was done based on the four criteria. The results emphasize the fact that by recognizing the indigenous values of historical houses and analyzing the physical-spatial changes of residential buildings from the point of view of indigenous values over time, the residential buildings of the present time can be shaped in sync with the indigenous values.
Indigenous Knowledge
ammar ahmadi; Vahid Rashidvash; Yaqub Sharbatian; ali Baseri; Mohammad Hadi Mansour Lakoraj
Abstract
The main objective of present research is to explore indigenous knowledge of traditional medicine within the beliefs of people, particularly rural women in the village of Alni, Meshkin Shahr. The methodology employed in this study is Malinowski's simultaneous analysis, interpreting narrative interviews ...
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The main objective of present research is to explore indigenous knowledge of traditional medicine within the beliefs of people, particularly rural women in the village of Alni, Meshkin Shahr. The methodology employed in this study is Malinowski's simultaneous analysis, interpreting narrative interviews through the hermeneutic method. In essence, these narratives serve as spoken documents, anthropologically analyzed and interpreted through hermeneutics. The distinctive contribution of this research lies in its scarcity, addressing the fundamental concern of the research team regarding the limited research output in the realm of indigenous knowledge of traditional medicine in Iran's rural communities. The outcome of this research underscores the development of the traditional medicine industry within the framework of its indigenous knowledge, contributing to addressing tourism-related issues and attracting tourism to rural areas, notably the village of Alni in Meshkin Shahr. Another pivotal consideration is the realization of economic benefits and social well-being for rural families, a crucial factor impacting the social fabric of this village.
Indigenous Knowledge
azita belali oskui; yahya jamali; elmira karimi pour; javad kheiri
Abstract
This research has been done with the descriptive-analytical method with the aim of explaining the relationship between the orientation of the Qajar houses of Tabriz and their spatial organization from the perspective of the entrance system. During the investigations, the purpose of the entrance design ...
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This research has been done with the descriptive-analytical method with the aim of explaining the relationship between the orientation of the Qajar houses of Tabriz and their spatial organization from the perspective of the entrance system. During the investigations, the purpose of the entrance design was to target the access path to the yard, and the entrance device plays a significant role in orientation; Thus, despite the multiplicity of entrances, each of them has the possibility of dividing the house into a separate section, and each section can have its own direction and axis. The spatial system of each section is the responsibility of the courtyard (at the entrances of the outer courtyard) and the hall (at the entrances of other fronts), which with the passage of time and approaching the end of the Qajar period and the vertical development of houses, this role has been assigned from the hall to the foyer. Also, organizing with a foyer, unlike organizing with a hall, has reduced the independence and increased the flexibility of spaces.
Indigenous Knowledge
Ahmad Sohrabinia; Majid MontazerZohouri
Abstract
Ownership of lands, feudalism systems and division of agricultural products has a long history in Iran. Agricultural system from demission and division of lands till the three step of cultivating, keeping and harvesting then division of products as well as taking tax, needs a regular circle and recording ...
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Ownership of lands, feudalism systems and division of agricultural products has a long history in Iran. Agricultural system from demission and division of lands till the three step of cultivating, keeping and harvesting then division of products as well as taking tax, needs a regular circle and recording instruments as well as product measuring in different districts. In this research in addition to exploring circle of landholding from early Islamic period to Qajar period, two threshing heap stamp, that used to make mark on wheat as well as barley heaps are investigated. In this article we use anthropological and library studies based on descriptive and analytical approach to investigate the region cultivation and tow threshing heap stamps. The aims of this study are to identify the function as well as identity of these two stamps in socioeconomic context and investigate the circle of agriculture at Komijan city and Esfandan village, also tried to determine the identity and essence the stamps that are used by whom and when. In this end, structure of the stamps as well as form, material, motive and phrase on them will be described.
Indigenous Knowledge
Soheila Yousofvand; Abolfazl Sharifian; Hamid Reza Qutbal-Dini
Abstract
The current study aimed at providing an assessment of pastoralists’ knowledge in Darreh Shahr county at Ilam province associated with Scrophularia striata and Anchusa italica. In this order, field observations, semi-structured interviews and community feedback methods were used with 57 knowledgeable ...
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The current study aimed at providing an assessment of pastoralists’ knowledge in Darreh Shahr county at Ilam province associated with Scrophularia striata and Anchusa italica. In this order, field observations, semi-structured interviews and community feedback methods were used with 57 knowledgeable and skilled local pastoralists with legal grazing license. Result showed that pastoralists carried extensive knowledge with regard to different aspects of these two plant species. This knowledge included morphological and botanical characteristics, phenology, habitat properties including geographical distribution, ecology and companion plants, forage and fodder properties, harvesting approaches, therapeutic properties and side effects. It was found through the findings that, based on traditional knowledge of pastoralists, the main therapeutic properties of Scrophularia striata were treatment of burning injuries, internal infection of the female genital organs, the infection in general and acne. For Anchusa italica the therapeutic properties included sedative effects and reducing stress and depression. The result also showed an erosion of medicinal plants traditional knowledge due to the death of knowledgeable elderlies and the lack of interest among new generations regarding traditional knowledge. The innovation of this study is in the deep examination of traditional knowledge regarding different aspects of ethnobotany besides medicinal properties of plants.
Indigenous Knowledge
alinaghi gooya; hossein barani; ahmad Abedi Sarvestani
Abstract
Abstracthe aim of this research is to identify the indigenous knowledge of camel husbandry in the territory of Kalkuyee nomads in Masileh plain of Qom province, who have a long history of camel husbandry in this region. The way of obtaining the data is in the field with the continuous presence of the ...
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Abstracthe aim of this research is to identify the indigenous knowledge of camel husbandry in the territory of Kalkuyee nomads in Masileh plain of Qom province, who have a long history of camel husbandry in this region. The way of obtaining the data is in the field with the continuous presence of the tribes of the Kalkuyee tribe in the form of interview (question and answer), observation, filming and photography during three years. Also, in addition to individual interviews with native camel herders and nomadic experts, group interviews were also used in order to collect data and gain knowledge about the local knowledge of camel herders. The information has been classified based on convergence and divergence. The findings include indigenous knowledge related to naming, marking, the position of camels, characteristics of good camels, and reproduction among nomads of Kalkuyee tribe. The results of the research in the territory of Kalkuyee nomads showed that they have local knowledge and extensive work experience in camel husbandry. From the local knowledge of camel herders, we come to the conclusion that camel herding has long been a traditional and cultural activity with specific regional characteristics, and with camel herding and traditional life,
Indigenous Knowledge
fatemeh mirzaei
Abstract
Associated with Sistan and Baluchestan Province in Iran, specifically Sarhad and Makran, Baluchi needlework is a prominent form of traditional arts. The purpose of this study was to classify original and frequent motifs found in Baluchi-Duzi (Baluchi embroidery) to discover their symbolic meanings. The ...
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Associated with Sistan and Baluchestan Province in Iran, specifically Sarhad and Makran, Baluchi needlework is a prominent form of traditional arts. The purpose of this study was to classify original and frequent motifs found in Baluchi-Duzi (Baluchi embroidery) to discover their symbolic meanings. The central question was how could the motifs in Baluchi needlework be analyzed and thematically classified according to the Iranian traditional arts model. In this descriptive-analytical study, probability sampling was utilized to select Baluchi needlework motifs through field research (observation- and interview-based) and library research (indexing and image analysis). The data were analyzed by thematic classification derived from the Iranian traditional arts model. Examination of forty-four motifs demonstrated that Baluchi needlework motifs are geometrical in the main that can be classified into signify human, animal, plant and object (such as jewelry, everyday items, and places) shapes and components. These represent the realities of the Baluchis’ life and beliefs.
Indigenous Knowledge
Mozhgan Khanmoradi; nahid azizi
Abstract
Bisotun plain is located in the west of Iran and many historical monuments from Pre-history to Islamic era have been identified in it. Man's understanding of nature showed itself in the construction of Bisotun Zagehs. The Zagheh was built in the villages of Zolm abad sofla, Bisotun, Kori zageh, Baqerabad ...
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Bisotun plain is located in the west of Iran and many historical monuments from Pre-history to Islamic era have been identified in it. Man's understanding of nature showed itself in the construction of Bisotun Zagehs. The Zagheh was built in the villages of Zolm abad sofla, Bisotun, Kori zageh, Baqerabad and Zaloab. This research aims to answer the above fundamental questions: In which period did the construction of troglodytic architecture begin in Bisotun and how long did their use continue? What were the components and architectural structure of these handholds?. The results of the research show that based on the available evidence in the Bisotun Plain, during the Qajar and Pahlavi periods, the construction of zagheh in the form of handstands was common under village houses and in connection with the village fabric. These underground spaces with an almost similar plan have spaces such as sloping entrances, central space, side spaces, and ventilation, and were used by the villagers of the region to keep livestock in the autumn to early spring seasons. The size and number of spaces depended on the owner's economic status, topographical conditions, the type of soil in the area, and the proximity to empty spaces.
Indigenous Knowledge
Milad Parniyani; Jamshid Ghashang
Abstract
The Qanats of Khorasan were the driving force of two important cultural indicators: knowledge and lifestyle. The knowledge of Qanat included sciences that were based on engineering and geology and were inherited from one generation to the next. On the other hand, around the Qanat, a culture was formed ...
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The Qanats of Khorasan were the driving force of two important cultural indicators: knowledge and lifestyle. The knowledge of Qanat included sciences that were based on engineering and geology and were inherited from one generation to the next. On the other hand, around the Qanat, a culture was formed that promoted adaptation to drought, contentment in water consumption, and the benefit of collective work, and it had become the lifestyle of Khorasan people. This culture was alive and dynamic until the beginning of the modern era, but with the entry into the modern era and the decline of the Qanatic civilization, the Qanats of Khorasan were destroyed and its surrounding culture was also destroyed. The present article is limited to the geography of Khorasan in order to deal with more details of the historical developments of the Qanat in one of Iran's Qanat-rich provinces and to obtain a better understanding of the overall issue of the Qanat. The main question is what is the history of Qanat in Khorasan and what kind of culture was it? According to the nature of the subject, descriptive and analytical methods will be used in the evaluation of historical and geographical data.
Indigenous Knowledge
samaneh kakavand
Abstract
In 1930, the Etemad Carpet Company was founded in Qazvin, Iran, and by the end of its 11-year run, it had transformed the city’s long carpet-making tradition. This article explores the hallmarks of Etemad carpets in the historical context in which the company operated. Analyzing the designs of ...
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In 1930, the Etemad Carpet Company was founded in Qazvin, Iran, and by the end of its 11-year run, it had transformed the city’s long carpet-making tradition. This article explores the hallmarks of Etemad carpets in the historical context in which the company operated. Analyzing the designs of the Etemad carpets in the Qazvin Museum suggests that although the company’s weavers came from all across the country, Etemad carpets remained consistently unique and innovative in their designs. Conducted as descriptive-analytical research, the study looked at written sources as well as archival pictures of Etemad carpets, and interviewed experts and scholars. It found that variety in design, colors, and motifs was the chief characteristic of Etemad carpets. The carpet designs featured innovative floral and abstract motifs, had little empty areas, and dominated their backgrounds. The use of a diverse set of floral motifs — including round flowers, Shah Abbasi flowers, leaves, buds, and arabesques — and various design compositions brought variety to Etemad carpets. Furthermore, the designs were visibly influenced by the native climate, featuring grape leaves and pistachio flower clusters, which represented two of Qazvin’s major crops. Khataee motifs were more frequent than arabesques across all the studied Etemad carpets,
Indigenous Knowledge
Seyed Ali Mazinani; Seyyed Mohammad-Reza Mazinani
Abstract
Considering the maritime culture of the northern coasts of the Persian Gulf and Bushir’s people reveals a full geographic, economic, and demographic marine cycle. The cycle is integrated into a greater geographic area extended from the Red Sea to the South China Sea and starched back well into ...
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Considering the maritime culture of the northern coasts of the Persian Gulf and Bushir’s people reveals a full geographic, economic, and demographic marine cycle. The cycle is integrated into a greater geographic area extended from the Red Sea to the South China Sea and starched back well into millennia. The main problem to this survey is the ways through which that maritime culture led to shape a specific form of dispositions, system of knowledge, lived experiences, information network. Accordingly, the present article will discuss Bushir people’s dispositions at first. Afterwards it will depict their information network through following categories, navigation, oceanography, marine goods knowledge, pearl hunting, and ship-making industries. Data collecting process in this text is library-based and, meanwhile, data analyzing will be subjected to a descriptive-explicative method. It is supposed that the present text elucidates successfully the maritime network and heritage of Bushehr in the both technical features and its impacts on the social life of that littoral population.
Indigenous Knowledge
maryam kian asl
Abstract
Shams-Ol-Emareh Palace, as the first tall and five-story building in Tehran, was built in 1282 by the order of Naser al-Din Shah and in imitation of European buildings, by Moayyer Ol Mamalek in a period of 2 years. Its construction and decorations are influenced by the trend towards western art It has ...
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Shams-Ol-Emareh Palace, as the first tall and five-story building in Tehran, was built in 1282 by the order of Naser al-Din Shah and in imitation of European buildings, by Moayyer Ol Mamalek in a period of 2 years. Its construction and decorations are influenced by the trend towards western art It has been in Iran. Since oil painting was often used on textured surfaces, the application of this method on glazed tiles had not been done until then. In this article, this unique method, which was implemented in five private spaces on four floors of Shams-Ol-Emareh, is investigated. The main question of this research is this What are the reasons for using oil painting on glazed tiles in this building? This research was done by descriptive-analytical method and data collection is done in field and library. Some believe that landscape painting is a copy of European classic paintings. The findings show that the variables of choosing the oil painting method are the result of the change of artists' approaches towards Iranian painting, the easy method, the availability of materials and the tendency to westernize, which was completely dependent on the social and political conditions of that time,
Indigenous Knowledge
Hooshang Abbasi; Javad Nazarimoghaddam
Abstract
Cooperation and mutual cooperation of humans has existed since the beginning of human life in all eras of life in all societies. The culture of cooperation among the women of Gilan is the most deeply rooted native culture, helping not only in production and work, but also includes various aspects of ...
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Cooperation and mutual cooperation of humans has existed since the beginning of human life in all eras of life in all societies. The culture of cooperation among the women of Gilan is the most deeply rooted native culture, helping not only in production and work, but also includes various aspects of the life of the villagers and affects all relationships and provides women's integration and participation in the social arena and the role of women makes it look bolder. The purpose of presenting this article is to pay attention to one of the long-standing and traditional relations in Gilan, which has provided the background for the emergence of a kind of culture and literature, and has found and influenced all the foundations of life in fusion. This study is a descriptive and analytical research in which an attempt has been made to investigate aspects of the culture of cooperation and cooperation among the women of Gilan with an anthropological approach while paying attention to the lived experience of the people of Gilan. The findings of the research indicate that the forms of help among the women of Gilan are very diverse and diverse, and not only in rice cultivation,
Indigenous Knowledge
fatemeh saedi; Marziyeh Ghasemi
Abstract
The variety of patterns and techniques of Baloch embroidery, the high elegance and geometry that lies in the art of Baloch embroidery, In the last century, it has attracted the attention of national and international designers towards this art. According to the background fabric, Baloch stitching can ...
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The variety of patterns and techniques of Baloch embroidery, the high elegance and geometry that lies in the art of Baloch embroidery, In the last century, it has attracted the attention of national and international designers towards this art. According to the background fabric, Baloch stitching can be implemented in two ways, Taarkesh and Taarshomar. In Taarshomar sewing, decorations are made on separate pieces and then connected to the main garment, But Taarkash stitching is performed directly on the main fabric and has a higher artistic value, But it should be kept in mind that not all motifs and sewing techniques can be implemented with this method. Trying to develop the art of Baluchi embroidery and creating innovation and creativity while maintaining the originality of the work and recognizing patterns based on the background fabric for easy implementation in clothing design topics are the goals of this research. So far, there has been no research that examines the traditional methods of Balochi embroidery in clothing design, And the present research, using analytical-descriptive method, focused on the division of patterns and techniques of Baloch sewing and how to implement the techniques according to the background fabric,
Indigenous Knowledge
sara sadeghi; javanmardzadeh ardeshir; manijeh hadian dehkordi; reza rezaloo
Abstract
Dogs are one of the first animals domesticated by humans. Dogs have always been a good friend and companion of humans. The paintings found in the caves of primitive humans indicate that the relationship between humans and dogs is at least 16 thousand years old. Dogs are found in different scenes and ...
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Dogs are one of the first animals domesticated by humans. Dogs have always been a good friend and companion of humans. The paintings found in the caves of primitive humans indicate that the relationship between humans and dogs is at least 16 thousand years old. Dogs are found in different scenes and poses in Iranian rock art in all four cultural regions (i.e., north, west, south, and east). Regarding the history, diversity, and dispersion of the dog motifs in pictographs of different areas in Iran, this study aims to evaluate dog motifs and their breeds in the rock artworks of Lorestan. The main research questions are: "What is the morphology and breed of dog motifs in pictographs of Lorestan?" "Which kind of scenes and subjects are included in pictographs in Lorestan?" and "What rock artworks can be compared to dog motifs in pictographs of Lorestan?" The current study is a qualitative research using a descriptive-analytical-comparative approach. The data was collected by library and field research. The statistical population included Lorestan pictographs in Mehrdad Stone and Mirmalas in Kuhdasht, and Takhte Chan in Poldokhtar. The results showed that dog motifs in pictographs of Lorestan are different in morphology.
Indigenous Knowledge
Abstract
از آنجا که ایرانیان یکی از اولین مردمانی بودهاند که از دوران گردآوری خوراک گیاهی و جانوری (صیادی و شکار) گذر کرده و پا در یکجانشینی و تولید خوراک گیاهی و حیوانی نهادهاند. ...
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از آنجا که ایرانیان یکی از اولین مردمانی بودهاند که از دوران گردآوری خوراک گیاهی و جانوری (صیادی و شکار) گذر کرده و پا در یکجانشینی و تولید خوراک گیاهی و حیوانی نهادهاند. پس طبیعی است که بیش از دیگر مردمان جهان به خاک به دیده احترام نگاه کنند. این گرامیداشت به اندازهای بوده که ایرانیان خاکی بودن را صفتی والا دانسته و خود را به این صفت نامگذاری میکنند. ستایش افتادگی و تواضع در ادبیات ایرانی بازتاب یافته است.تقدس خاک همچنین سبب شده است که آنان در پاکیزگی زمین و نیالودن آن سخاوت بسیار داشته و در پاکیزه داشتن خاک و آب و هوا به خویشتن سختیهای بسیار روا دارند و در آبادانی و پاکیزگی و سرسبزی خاک بسیار بکوشند.گفتنی است که ستایش زمین و خاک تنها ویژۀ ایرانیان باستان نبوده است، هومر از شاعران دوران باستان یونان که در اشعار خود، کار و کشاورزی را ستوده است، دربارۀ زمین سروده:«در بارۀ زمین، این مادرِ همگان، میسرایم: ای زمینِ ستوار! که همه چیز جهان را تغذیه میکنی،... آنِ تو جان بخشی و فنای آدمی زادگان میرا است.»( )
Indigenous Knowledge
alireza shahhosseini
Abstract
One of the ways to strengthen agricultural land is to fertilize with animal and mineral fertilizers. This fertilization has made agricultural lands maintain their fertility without using chemical fertilizers. Therefore, in this article, the information of farmers and gardeners in different areas of Semnan ...
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One of the ways to strengthen agricultural land is to fertilize with animal and mineral fertilizers. This fertilization has made agricultural lands maintain their fertility without using chemical fertilizers. Therefore, in this article, the information of farmers and gardeners in different areas of Semnan province has been documented by the field method. In addition, in this research, all kinds of animal manures, including cow, sheep, camel, donkey, pigeon and chicken manure, which are known to be suitable for all kinds of agricultural and garden crops, have been collected. In the following, human manure, animal waste, green manure and the role of floods in strengthening and improving the quality of land are discussed. The studied areas were Abrasej of Shahroud, Armian of Miami, Garmsar plain, Hablerood and Semnan. The results show that the animal manures used based on the experiences of farmers have strengthened and enriched the land without harming it.
Indigenous Knowledge
fateme moradi; mofid shateri; javad mekaniki
Abstract
For a long time, the limitation of water resources in Iran has made it mandatory to invent and create suitable methods to increase the efficiency of water use in rural communities, because water is one of the main pillars of sustainable growth and development of rural communities. An analysis based on ...
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For a long time, the limitation of water resources in Iran has made it mandatory to invent and create suitable methods to increase the efficiency of water use in rural communities, because water is one of the main pillars of sustainable growth and development of rural communities. An analysis based on documents, preparation of a researcher-made questionnaire, field visit and conducting in-depth interviews in accordance with the experiences, knowledge and insights of the interviewees in relation to the unknown and undiscovered indigenous knowledge in the field of water resources management of rural communities in Shaskoh District, Zirkoh County. The results of this research show the efficiency of traditional approaches and local management system of water resources.The results of this research show the efficiency of traditional approaches and local management system of water resources. The results of the research showed that the local users in the categories of irrigation, storage management, consumption and distribution of water use different eco-compatible methods. In the qualitative part of this knowledge It is valuable to start from the identification stage and based on that, the effectiveness of each of the methods was examined from the benefiting community, .
Indigenous Knowledge
salem hossein bor; zahra hossein abadi; alireza taheri
Abstract
In the present study, the petroglyphs of Kabogan Valley in the city of Gesht, which are located in the Siahan mountains of Saravan city, were investigated with the descriptive-analytical method and library and field information in the form of observation, photography and determining the location of the ...
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In the present study, the petroglyphs of Kabogan Valley in the city of Gesht, which are located in the Siahan mountains of Saravan city, were investigated with the descriptive-analytical method and library and field information in the form of observation, photography and determining the location of the paintings, with the aim of introducing and symbology. Kobogan petroglyphs seek to answer these two questions: What was the purpose of creating petroglyphs?What are the meanings of the patterns carved on the rocks? The findings showed that; By examining the types of motifs carved in this area, we come across symbols of fertility and birth, symbols of love, directional symbols and animal, human and plant motifs, which show the long history of living in this area and They show the early beliefs and rituals of the residents. Finally, the result was that; These petroglyphs are not related to a specific period of time, but were created during different periods with different purposes, in general, most of the motifs of the old periods had ritual concepts, but the themes of the motifs of the new periods are mostly narrative and are a reflection of the way of life of that period.
Indigenous Knowledge
Morteza Salemi Ghamsari
Abstract
Abstract
Based on the evidences and documents left from ancient Iran, the art of dyeing and carpet weaving has been common in Iran since the past, and in the contemporary period, one of the most important centers of carpet weaving and dyeing in Iran is Isfahan province and Nain city. Nain carpet ...
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Abstract
Based on the evidences and documents left from ancient Iran, the art of dyeing and carpet weaving has been common in Iran since the past, and in the contemporary period, one of the most important centers of carpet weaving and dyeing in Iran is Isfahan province and Nain city. Nain carpet is very famous, because it is one of the brightest manifestations of the use of natural and traditional colors, and it owes a large part of its fame to this quality. Dyeing in this area is done with natural and traditional colors, which is slightly different from other carpet weaving centers that have traditional dyeing, and despite some chemical dyes that are used as an auxiliary, natural color are still dominant in the area. In this article, the traditional dyeing in the historical village of Jeshvaqan, which is located 40 km from Nain, is discussed. Until about 50 years ago, this village had 12 active traditional dyeing units and the main fame of this village was due to its dyeing units, but now with the closure of some workshops, there are 6 dyeing workshops in this village that one of them is half closed. This article has been done in the field. This craft requires more attention from provincial and regional authorities.
