Indigenous Knowledge
Mohammadjavad Heydarian dolatabadi; Ehsan Aliakbari Babukani
Abstract
Traditional knowledge is a kind of science and experience that has been gained after many years of experience in native and local communities in certain geographic regions. With the increasing expansion of international trade exchanges, the need to support this knowledge, which is the result of the success ...
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Traditional knowledge is a kind of science and experience that has been gained after many years of experience in native and local communities in certain geographic regions. With the increasing expansion of international trade exchanges, the need to support this knowledge, which is the result of the success of many generations of local and indigenous communities, is increasingly felt. Following the creation of the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), international activities in the field of protecting intellectual property rights entered a new era, and following the establishment of the World Trade Organization (WTO) and the adoption of the TRIPS Agreement, the attention of the countries of the world, in particular Developing countries focused on supporting traditional knowledge.. especially with regard to the ancient civilization and wide range of the country, requires serious consideration. Considering the nature and specific features of traditional knowledge and intellectual property rights of Iran, the design and establishment of a special system for the protection of traditional knowledge of the serious necessities of the legal system Iran is In this research, the necessity and characteristics of this support system have been studied.
Indigenous Knowledge
Zahra Alinezhad Moghadam, Shahraki; Mohamad Rahim Forouzeh; Hannaneh Mohammadi Kangarani; Hassan Yeganeh
Abstract
The study of indigenous knowledge and food preparation using pasture plants is recognized as an important topic in ethnographic research, with the documentation of this knowledge resting on ethnographers. Accordingly, the aim of the researchers in this study is to gather the knowledge of the people in ...
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The study of indigenous knowledge and food preparation using pasture plants is recognized as an important topic in ethnographic research, with the documentation of this knowledge resting on ethnographers. Accordingly, the aim of the researchers in this study is to gather the knowledge of the people in the Shah Kuh Sofla region regarding the preparation of various local dishes using wild pasture plants. To document this invaluable indigenous knowledge, interviews were conducted in the spring and summer of 2023 and 2024 using participatory observation and open interviews, with local experts identified through snowball sampling. In this research, a total of 13 wild plants were identified, and the preparation methods for 16 types of dishes were recorded. with all or various parts of these plants being utilized as main ingredients or as additives, seasonings, flavorings, and spices. Considering the extensive knowledge of past generations regarding food preparation and traditional dishes, it can be stated that documenting and analyzing indigenous knowledge related to local food preparation not only helps preserve culinary culture but can also provide strategies for improving community nutrition..
Indigenous Knowledge
Samera Salimpour Abkenar; Amir AnvariMoghaddam
Abstract
The skill of making footwear (or giveh weaving) is one of the traditional and authentic Iranian arts. Although this art has already been forgotten in most places, however, it can still be related to as a cultural and social symbol. Tabas town and its surrounding villages were once considered one of the ...
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The skill of making footwear (or giveh weaving) is one of the traditional and authentic Iranian arts. Although this art has already been forgotten in most places, however, it can still be related to as a cultural and social symbol. Tabas town and its surrounding villages were once considered one of the most important centers for making footwear (or Giveh) in South Khorasan Province. This footwear was widely used for long walks in occupations such as agriculture, herding, and nomadic life due to its lightness, flexibility, strength, and comfort. The aim of this study, in addition to preserving the foundations of Iranian culture and art, is to introduce a practical, step-by-step method of the traditional art of footwear making in the village of Korit. The main question of this study is "How does the traditional Korit footwear manufacturing method relate to the natural and locally produced raw materials of the region?" This is written in a descriptive-analytical manner and based on library documents, field observations, and interviews with master craftsmen in Tabas town and Korit village. The results show that the skill of footwear making refers to the "spirit of cooperation" between the men and women of the Korit village.
Indigenous Knowledge
samira hosseiny roudbary; hossain soltanzadeh; mehrdad matin; mohammad mohammadzadeh dogahe
Abstract
In recent years,gender-related perspectives in diverse societies have been recognized as a significant cultural dimension shaping residential spaces. This paper aims to analyze the influence of gender culture on the spatial configuration of indigenous houses in historic Greater Khorasan, particularly ...
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In recent years,gender-related perspectives in diverse societies have been recognized as a significant cultural dimension shaping residential spaces. This paper aims to analyze the influence of gender culture on the spatial configuration of indigenous houses in historic Greater Khorasan, particularly in Herat. The study is qualitative, employing a descriptive-analytical approach. Data were collected through fieldwork, documented plans, and analysis of formal and spatial characteristics of traditional houses, alongside review of credible academic and library sources. Findings indicate that the spatial configuration of traditional Herati houses reflects the structured gendered cultural system of Greater Khorasan, formed through complex interactions among environmental, social, political, and traditional factors. Specifically, case analyses show that women’s spaces are systematically designed with features such as relative seclusion, limited external visibility, and controlled access within the physical structure of houses. The physical layout and spatial organization of Herat’s indigenous dwellings confirm that vernacular architecture, as a cultural text, not only meets material needs but also encodes social values, norms, and hierarchies particularly those grounded in gender perspectives into form and space.
Indigenous Knowledge
Javad Madahi mashizi; Masoumeh Bahmani; Abdolhossein Daneshvari Nasab
Abstract
Hormozgan Province is recognized as a center of indigenous knowledge and cultural diversity in southern Iran. The traditional women's garment known as the "burqa" goes beyond mere clothing, carrying deep semantic, social, and economic layers. Despite its historical and cultural significance, few studies ...
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Hormozgan Province is recognized as a center of indigenous knowledge and cultural diversity in southern Iran. The traditional women's garment known as the "burqa" goes beyond mere clothing, carrying deep semantic, social, and economic layers. Despite its historical and cultural significance, few studies have phenomenologically explored the lived experiences of Hormozgani women regarding the multifaceted functions of the burqa. The aim of this research is to analyze the lived dimensions of burqa-wearing among women in Hormozgan.This study was conducted using a descriptive-analytical approach within the framework of phenomenology of lived experiences. Data were collected through semi-structured in-depth interviews with 15 burqa-wearing women (selected through purposive sampling until theoretical saturation was reached). Data analysis was performed using MAXQDA software and thematic coding.The analysis yielded 249 initial codes, which were categorized into three main themes: symbolic dimensions and sensory perceptions, manifestation of beliefs and religious obligations, and representation of identity and cultural structuralism. The findings indicate that the burqa functions as a cultural mediator and reflects a generational shift from its original role of “concealment and invisibility” toward new functions of “adornment and economic agency.”
Indigenous Knowledge
Amirali Boroumand; Esmaeil Salehi
Abstract
The current research analyzed the hardware (structure) and software (function) of the Heytes. In this regard, research methods were historical document research and semi-structured in-depth interviews with the residents of Mashhad's historical areas. The results indicate that "Heyte" was a tangible concept ...
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The current research analyzed the hardware (structure) and software (function) of the Heytes. In this regard, research methods were historical document research and semi-structured in-depth interviews with the residents of Mashhad's historical areas. The results indicate that "Heyte" was a tangible concept in the city of Mashhad, which arose organically during the Qajar period due to the need to provide food security for the neighborhoods during the eras when conflicts of neighborhoods arose. Allocation of Heyte by the neighborhood owner, management of Heyte area with Kodkhoda,s of crops grown were fast-growing crops, including annual plants and Shrubs, and each household's share of the Heyte is proportional to the number of its members. When the first Pahlavi era began and accelerated the modern urban development process, the Heyte changed their Structural-functionality and became plaza. The acceleration of changes in Mashhad during the second Pahlavi period caused the destruction of all Heytes and the transformation of the only remaining area, the "Haj karbalai Ali Heyte" into an urban green space. The discussions of the present research seek to recreate the Heyte in today's cities by combining the three historical roles of Heyte ("participatory urban agricultural space", "plaza" and "local green space").
Indigenous Knowledge
Maedeh Omidi nowbijar; Hossein Barani; Mohamad Rahim Forouzeh; ahmad Abedi Sarvestani
Abstract
Indigenous knowledge refers to the collective beliefs, values, tools, methods, and experiences of an ethnic group shaped by their interaction with the environment over time. The province of Gilan is a historic center of livestock husbandry in Iran, and its knowledge plays an important role in optimizing ...
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Indigenous knowledge refers to the collective beliefs, values, tools, methods, and experiences of an ethnic group shaped by their interaction with the environment over time. The province of Gilan is a historic center of livestock husbandry in Iran, and its knowledge plays an important role in optimizing the use of natural ecosystems. The information for this survey was collected using ethnographic methods, including interviews and participant observation. The results show that livestock farmers have gained valuable experience in the different aspects of herd management, nutrition and housing of the animals. By carefully choosing grazing patterns, following seasonal grazing practices and paying attention to the composition and segregation of the herd, they have demonstrated remarkable competence in managing their ecosystems in a sustainable manner. Indigenous knowledge of animal nutrition includes identification of the predominant fodder plant including Poaceae and Leguminosae, the nutritional needs of pregnant and newborn animals, use of salt licks, crop residues and winter storage of feed. Moreover, knowledge of livestock housing is essential to optimizing the use of resources. Indigenous communities have gained a deep understanding of their country's strengths and weaknesses through constant interaction with nature and a systematic approach to planning and organization ensures its survival.
Indigenous Knowledge
hossein mohammadzadeh
Abstract
Hasan Zirak was a vocal artist who recorded over a thousand songs.The aim of this research is to identify the types of women’s attire and decorations, The guiding perspective of this study is rooted in the sociology of literature, the artist’s individuality, literary and art content. The ...
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Hasan Zirak was a vocal artist who recorded over a thousand songs.The aim of this research is to identify the types of women’s attire and decorations, The guiding perspective of this study is rooted in the sociology of literature, the artist’s individuality, literary and art content. The research method is descriptive, employing textual analysis through qualitative content analysis. . For this purpose, all verses referring to women’s clothing (garments and ornaments) were examined. , the songs reflecting attire and adornments for each body part were categorized accordingly. The findings revealed that women’s clothing in the songs includes headwear (such as headbands), garments (like dresses and scarves), colors of cloth, textile names, and production origins, as well as decorations such as earrings, bracelets, anklets, and natural cosmetics like kohl and henna. Notably, footwear is entirely absent in these depictions of cloths, which can be attributed to the influence of social culture on art. Through his lyrics, Zirak has recorded and preserved a segment of the intangible heritage of his society. It appears that in the absence of formal historical records, folk songs serve as custodians of culture and collective memory, documenting historical shifts in fabric usage and jewelry trends.
Indigenous Knowledge
saeedmohammad sabouri; seyyedamirhossein garakani
Abstract
Natural hazards, including floods, are one of the basic problems of rural settlements in Iran. Indigenous knowledge of dealing with floods and coexisting with them has existed in Iran for a long time. In this research, the effectiveness of native methods has been evaluated by examining local methods ...
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Natural hazards, including floods, are one of the basic problems of rural settlements in Iran. Indigenous knowledge of dealing with floods and coexisting with them has existed in Iran for a long time. In this research, the effectiveness of native methods has been evaluated by examining local methods of dealing with and exploiting flood water resources and comparing them with modern methods in Dashtiari and Chabahar regions. Investigations have been done through library studies, conversations with local people, field observations and data analysis. In these areas, indigenous knowledge is used through the construction of Degaar and Hootak structures for the purpose of exploiting and building Tonpak structures in order to deal with floods and reduce the vulnerability of residential houses. These structures have the same function as check dams, flood spreading structures and dams and construction based on height code in order to reduce vulnerability. According to the investigations and results, the performance of structures based on local knowledge is more suitable in the studied area, and among them, construction on tonpaks for residential houses has created safety against flood inundation. Hotaks have worked very well in the region as a source of flood water storage for villages.
Indigenous Knowledge
mohammad khakpoor marvasti
Abstract
Pot irrigation is one of the traditional and intelligent subsurface irrigation methods that has been prevalent for a long time in arid and water-scarce regions. This method is recognized as a low-consumption and efficient solution for water conservation, particularly in agriculture.Background and ObjectiveThe ...
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Pot irrigation is one of the traditional and intelligent subsurface irrigation methods that has been prevalent for a long time in arid and water-scarce regions. This method is recognized as a low-consumption and efficient solution for water conservation, particularly in agriculture.Background and ObjectiveThe present study aims to identify suitable indigenous and practical irrigation patterns to improve the current conditions in this field by introducing the methods and techniques used by indigenous people in water resource management.Research MethodologyThe statistical population of this research includes experts and individuals familiar with traditional irrigation knowledge. For selecting the research sample members, a purposive sampling method and semi-structured interview technique were used.FindingsThe investigations showed that, according to experts familiar with pot irrigation, using this method can lead to significant water savings. It is also an innovative method suitable for extremely water-scarce areas for cultivating certain agricultural products. Due to reduced water consumption and associated costs, this method can help improve the economic status of farmers in desert regions in the long term.
Indigenous Knowledge
Fatemeh Roodi; Hosein Raie; Asghar Mohammad Moradi
Abstract
The climatic diversity in Mazandaran province has resulted in the development of distinct spaces for the production and utilization of livestock, each with unique physical and functional characteristics. Gesansereh and Telar are two spatial elements utilized by local communities in Mazandaran Mountain ...
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The climatic diversity in Mazandaran province has resulted in the development of distinct spaces for the production and utilization of livestock, each with unique physical and functional characteristics. Gesansereh and Telar are two spatial elements utilized by local communities in Mazandaran Mountain and Angehroud Noor village. The research aims to document the architectural and cultural characteristics of these elements. Factors such as immigration and the shift from traditional livestock farming to industrial systems have led to the decline and neglect of this native heritage. The article's purpose is to introduce the native heritage related to animal husbandry using a descriptive-analytical research method. The results of the research demonstrate that Telar is a traditional structure used for livestock in the winter, while Gesansereh is used for milking sheep and producing dairy products in the summer. Each structure has a unique architecture based on its function, containing indigenous knowledge related to animal health, social systems, and cultural traditions related to local food and product production. They are considered part of Iran's pastoral and agricultural heritage and have a significant relationship with geographical livelihood and sustainable development.
Indigenous Knowledge
Keyhan Karimi; Fahimeh Motazedian; Sajad Moazen; Maryam Cheshmeh Ghasabani
Abstract
Industrial architectural heritage is a relatively modern concept whose preservation requires a comprehensive understanding of the values of this heritage. In recent decades, the introduction of new concepts has led to the expansion of the concept of industrial heritage, with new values and turning the ...
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Industrial architectural heritage is a relatively modern concept whose preservation requires a comprehensive understanding of the values of this heritage. In recent decades, the introduction of new concepts has led to the expansion of the concept of industrial heritage, with new values and turning the conservation process into an interdisciplinary category. Therefore, it is a necessity to change the procedure to use different sciences in heritage protection. The purpose of this article is to attempt to identify the values of the defensive architecture of industrial heritage, from the perspective of the architectural teachings of passive defense. This article, in terms of the triple paradigms of research in the positivist category, in terms of its type, outcome, and results is applied, in terms of the implementation process is qualitative with an interpretative perspective, and in terms of its purpose, it has a descriptive-analytical approach and is consistent with a case study. The results of this research are to formulate the values of the defense architecture of industrial heritage in two dimensions: environment and environed, in order to adopt technical measures to reduce the damages, improve the current situation, and utilize the capacities of this heritage in terms of crisis.
Indigenous Knowledge
hasanreza yosofvand; maryam Haerinasab
Abstract
Humanity has relied on plants for survival and improved quality of life throughout history. This study aims to comprehensively investigate the ethnobotany of wild plants in the Garin region of Selseleh County, located in the Zagros vegetation zone. The studied human population comprises the Lak-speaking ...
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Humanity has relied on plants for survival and improved quality of life throughout history. This study aims to comprehensively investigate the ethnobotany of wild plants in the Garin region of Selseleh County, located in the Zagros vegetation zone. The studied human population comprises the Lak-speaking nomads of four villages: Kahman Bala, Kahman Payin, Dekamound, and Gerakan. The research employed a qualitative ethnobotanical approach. Data were collected over a six-month survey (April to October 2023) through in-depth interviews with 12 individuals (6 men and 6 women, average age 59.5 years) and questionnaires, analyzed using inductive content analysis. Results identified 75 plant species from 28 families, used for medicinal (69.3%), edible (50.7%), fodder (5.3%), ornamental (10.7%), and ritual (2.7%) purposes. The primary medicinal uses were for digestive, respiratory, and renal issues, while edible plants supported seasonal economies. This knowledge, deeply tied to the cultural and ethnic identity of the nomads, faces threats from youth migration and climate change. Documenting it aids in cultural preservation and sustainable development. Educational programs for sustainable harvesting and local markets are recommended..
Indigenous Knowledge
ali mohebi; saeedeh nateghi
Abstract
According to the results of the last socio-economic census of the nomadic nomads (year 1400), the number of 1,186,398 nomadic people in the form of 212,772 households annually brings about 9 million livestock units in excess of the need to the market, amounting to 162,000 tons (20% of the country's red ...
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According to the results of the last socio-economic census of the nomadic nomads (year 1400), the number of 1,186,398 nomadic people in the form of 212,772 households annually brings about 9 million livestock units in excess of the need to the market, amounting to 162,000 tons (20% of the country's red meat production). In addition, the production of 400 thousand tons of milk and 14 thousand tons of wool constitutes another part of the livestock production of the nomads. Knowledge of nomadic products and their processing methods can be effective on managerial decisions in order to optimally manage these products from the feasibility aspects of introducing new products to the industry and removing obstacles to their production and sales, as well as the possible entry of technology into the field of production.ObjectiveIn this regard, the present research was carried out with the aim of analyzing the production. management of nomadic livestock products among the nomads of Hamuleh clan from Bakhtiari tribe, who have been livestock farmers for many years and had "lived experience" in the field of production management, and had expressed their cooperation for the implementation of the projec
Indigenous Knowledge
soheila yousofvand; mojgansadat azimi; Mojtaba jahantigh; Abolfazl Sharifiann
Abstract
The erosion of traditional knowledge is a pressing global issue. This study aims to address this concern by investigating the traditional culinary practices of the Laki community in Darreh Shahr, Iran. Specifically, the study seeks to: 1) identify the traditional foods and ingredients utilized by the ...
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The erosion of traditional knowledge is a pressing global issue. This study aims to address this concern by investigating the traditional culinary practices of the Laki community in Darreh Shahr, Iran. Specifically, the study seeks to: 1) identify the traditional foods and ingredients utilized by the Laki community, 2) catalog the local plant species employed in these dishes, and 3) assess the value of traditional knowledge in the preparation and consumption of these foods. A qualitative research methodology was employed, involving a combination of field observations, semi-structured interviews, and participant observation. Through these methods, data was collected directly from local community members. The findings revealed a deep understanding of wild edible plants and traditional cooking techniques among the Laki people. A total of 23 plant species were identified as key ingredients in their diverse culinary repertoire. Traditional knowledge encompasses a wide range of aspects, including plant identification, optimal harvesting times, sustainable harvesting practices, and various preparation methods. The study highlights the versatility of local plant species. For instance, Kangar, summer onion, and Ghaziaghi are used to prepare various dishes, such as yogurt, Burani, and soup. These findings emphasize the importance of preserving traditional knowledge and culinary practice.
Indigenous Knowledge
Mohammad Afrough
Abstract
Ili and nomadic braids are a part of the weaving system and an outstanding example of the native arts of this layer, which is remarkable in the artistic and visual field. in the meantime, kormanji weavings in north Khorasan are a part of this system, which has visual capacity and capabilities in terms ...
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Ili and nomadic braids are a part of the weaving system and an outstanding example of the native arts of this layer, which is remarkable in the artistic and visual field. in the meantime, kormanji weavings in north Khorasan are a part of this system, which has visual capacity and capabilities in terms of aesthetics (design, pattern, and color). therefore, the process of decorating the text of the weaves is done in the light of the simple concept of weaving, mental weaving, and the result is the formation of patterns with a geometric and abstract nature. due to the type and form of the pattern, the style and format of expression of shapes and forms are created, which can be defined in two abstract and abstract styles from a visual and visual point of view. this approach can be explained for all motifs of nomadic weaves. from this point of view, the question is, what are the types of kormanj woven motifs and what are the characteristics and criteria of applying abstract styles to the said motifs and designs? the aim of this research is to identify, classify and analyze all kinds of abstract motifs in kormanj weavings. the upcoming
Indigenous Knowledge
Mansoor Shahvali
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is ex planting indigenous Vareh cooperation member's cognitive semantic in their daily life. This will lead to finding out how they learn from daily interactions with surrounding environment, social and economic conditions, which is based on mind-experience-language interaction. ...
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The purpose of this paper is ex planting indigenous Vareh cooperation member's cognitive semantic in their daily life. This will lead to finding out how they learn from daily interactions with surrounding environment, social and economic conditions, which is based on mind-experience-language interaction. This paper is run out by a triple approach as well as documentary and hermneutic research methods. The first method was used to find out relative documents about Vareh cooperation. The hermneutic method was used to find out how subjective-objective semantic interactions are led to new understanding and learning by Vareh members. This on-gaining process by available equipment will lead to new knowledge. Meanwhile, family members, groups, politics, ethics, society, indigenous technologies, etc. are affecting this process. However, this cognitive semantic process in daily lives lead to Cognitive Hi-Techs which is a prerequisite for development; specifically for rural and nomadic people; This process is demonstrated by a model which is presented at end of this article.
Indigenous Knowledge
Samera Salimpour Abkenar; Amir Anvari Moghaddam
Abstract
Siah chador (or Black tent) is one of the identity elements of nomadic life, which is generally made from raw materials. Siah chador weaving is also connected with the spirit of cooperation of clan people, just like the need to provide security and food in nomadic life. This study is focused on the traditional ...
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Siah chador (or Black tent) is one of the identity elements of nomadic life, which is generally made from raw materials. Siah chador weaving is also connected with the spirit of cooperation of clan people, just like the need to provide security and food in nomadic life. This study is focused on the traditional art of Siah chador weaving in the Seidal village of Nehbandan town in South Khorasan province. An art in which the men of the village participate closely with the weaving women in the spinning, warp drawing, sewing the black strips of the tent, and erecting it. The aim is to preserve the intangible cultural heritage and also introduce the practical method of Siah chador weaving. In addition, the most important question is how the traditional art of Siah-chador weaving in Seidal village has been effective in its residents life and ecology. The research method is based on field studies, interviews, and published documents. The results show that the residents of Sidal Village use goat hair obtained from animal husbandry and the power of experienced weavers to weave quality Siah chador that in addition to meeting the needs of the province, are also exported to neighboring countries.
Indigenous Knowledge
zahra khodadad; Pejman Dadkhah
Abstract
Glass is a unique material that is regenerated by a vital glassmaker.Glassmaking in Iran goes back thousands of years. With the advent of Islam, it entered a new stage.The 3rd to 6th centuries A.H.are considered to be the most important periods of glassmaking, the Islamic era.The upcoming research on ...
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Glass is a unique material that is regenerated by a vital glassmaker.Glassmaking in Iran goes back thousands of years. With the advent of Islam, it entered a new stage.The 3rd to 6th centuries A.H.are considered to be the most important periods of glassmaking, the Islamic era.The upcoming research on the comparative study and examination of the glass perfumers of the Islamic era, relying on documentary studies with a historical approach in a descriptive-analytical way, answers these questions, what are its visual characteristics and is it influenced by pre-Islamic art?How was its influence on the governments of the same time and after it?Studies show that it was heavily influenced by the art and culture of the Sassanid period and the use of scorpions, cats, horses, and the bodies and heads of birds, which were combined and made based on the artist's imagination.It seems that the artists received specialized training from the Syrian artisans who were in Samarra under the control of the Sasanians, and also the works obtained in other parts of the world show that Iranian artists have influenced the artisans and artists of Syria and Iraq by creating mysterious and beautiful works.The following centuries will make similar to it
Indigenous Knowledge
Elmira Sharbafi; Hamid Reza REZAEI; Sadegh Salehi; Mohammad Sadegh Farhadinia; Maryam Shahbazi
Abstract
The historical relationship between humans and nature can be introduced and investigated with Indigenous ecological knowledge used in conservation policy-making and should be considered in governmental and formal conservation. This study aimed to investigate the relationship of the local people with ...
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The historical relationship between humans and nature can be introduced and investigated with Indigenous ecological knowledge used in conservation policy-making and should be considered in governmental and formal conservation. This study aimed to investigate the relationship of the local people with Persian leopard, Brown bear, and Grey wolf in three protected areas of Hyrcanian forests in Mazandaran and Gilan provinces with an ethnographic approach. During interviews with more than 40 local people and holding group meetings, several questions were asked, including general knowledge of the species, beliefs and stories, use of body parts, and how to keep away carnivores from properties and hunting methods. The results indicated that the locals had high experience and knowledge about the nature and wildlife around them. Due to leopard and wolf attacks on livestock and lack of compensation, there is a negative view of these species, especially wolves. The use of bear bodies, especially fat, was heard among all three tribes. Talysh people quoted different stories and myths specifically about the wolf and bear. In educational planning, paying attention to the history of positive and negative beliefs about these species can lead to effective protection in these areas
Indigenous Knowledge
ammar ahmadi; Vahid Rashidvash; Yaqub Sharbatian
Abstract
The tourism industry is an ancient phenomenon in human societies that has reached its economic, social and ecological position over time in different historical stages. Rural tourism is also considered a part of the tourism industry, which can play an effective role in the development of these areas ...
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The tourism industry is an ancient phenomenon in human societies that has reached its economic, social and ecological position over time in different historical stages. Rural tourism is also considered a part of the tourism industry, which can play an effective role in the development of these areas with proper planning and identification of the advantages and limitations of rural tourism and, as a result, national development and diversification of the national economy. The important topic and basic goal of this research is local knowledge and its relationship with the issue of tourism development in Dashaksan village, Meshkinshahr city, Ardabil province. The theoretical framework of the research is based on the use of the school of functionalism, relying on the theory of needs and the school of structuralism. The tools for collecting information and data are: books, scientific and research articles, atlases and geographical maps, video camera, photo camera, voice recorder and interview, slip and notebook. The findings of this research are the indigenous knowledge of traditional water mills (Diyarman and Diyarmanchaliq) and its modern structure and function among the people of this village and their relationship with the development of tourism in Dashaksan village.
Indigenous Knowledge
Mehdi Pirhayati
Abstract
Bridges in the mountainous land of Iran as structures with indigenous architecture have existed since prehistoric times. Crossing the permanent and abundant rivers of Lorestan, which flow in deep valleys, was not easy without using a bridge. Several remaining inscriptions at the site of several historical ...
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Bridges in the mountainous land of Iran as structures with indigenous architecture have existed since prehistoric times. Crossing the permanent and abundant rivers of Lorestan, which flow in deep valleys, was not easy without using a bridge. Several remaining inscriptions at the site of several historical bridges in Lorestan are evidence of this claim that Badr ibn Ḥasanwayh in the fourth century AH had repaired and rebuilt huge bridges on the rivers of Lorestan, especially the Kashkan River. Therefore, the aim of this research is to introduce one of the important water structures in the Zagros basin and to read and understand the common indigenous techniques of bridge building in this period based on historical documents and evidence, through library and field studies using an interpretive approach and a qualitative strategy. The research, focusing on 4 case studies, while achieving the main framework of the common physical structure of the mentioned bridges, identified the reading of their indigenous techniques and knowledge, which included the technology of building foundations, the similarity of the passage surface and walkway, and the indigenous technique of wide arches in wide spans.
Indigenous Knowledge
Hosein Raie
Abstract
Throughout history, Iranians' livelihoods were contingent on agriculture and farming, and affluent landowners and lords were regarded as noble and high social strata. Existing historical and archaeological records and documents demonstrate agricultural heritage sites in Iran's cultural area. Some are ...
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Throughout history, Iranians' livelihoods were contingent on agriculture and farming, and affluent landowners and lords were regarded as noble and high social strata. Existing historical and archaeological records and documents demonstrate agricultural heritage sites in Iran's cultural area. Some are related to farmsteads, which developed from the early Islamic ages to the twentieth century and were utilized for centuries as a means of subsistence and commerce. They had four ownership system types: endowment, lordship, court and regality, and in the Qajar and Pahlavi periods, part of them came under lordship ownership. This ownership type has resulted in physical and functional changes in historical farmsteads due to political, social, and economic changes in Iran during the 19th and 20th centuries, challenging their identity and authenticity.The moot point of the research is the need for a deeper understanding of the relationship between lordly ownership and the life of Iranian farmsteads during the Qajar and Pahlavi periods, and this article aims to introduce the influential elements using the interpretive approach and historical interpretive strategy. To this end, the Qazibala farmstead in Qom will be used as a healthy and comprehensive case study of an Iranian farmstead.
Indigenous Knowledge
Ebrahim Ekhlasi; Amir Nemati
Abstract
Alternative medicine treatment traditions, are favored by a range of social actors. The purpose of the research is to identify the areas of tendency towards alternative medicine traditions and to discover the lived experience of Tehrani citizens regarding procedures included in them. Data collection ...
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Alternative medicine treatment traditions, are favored by a range of social actors. The purpose of the research is to identify the areas of tendency towards alternative medicine traditions and to discover the lived experience of Tehrani citizens regarding procedures included in them. Data collection was done through semi-structured interviews with 30 people who referred to diagnostic-treatment centers active under alternative medicine traditions in Tehran, who were selected purposefully and based on inclusion criteria. Exploration of experiences was done based on the Claizian method. "Hegemony of social constructions discrediting biomedicine", "Demand of heterogeneity arising from the spread of Corona", "Hidden coexistence of biomedicine with economy and politics", "Prevention and treatment as a lifestyle", "Applied therapy in the context of the organic and natural, "pluralistic undesirability of bio-medicine ", and "effective identity creation based on self-realization" were the final themes answering the study questions. The informants are further informed about the opposition to some of the words and actions included in the traditions of alternative medicine. They put emphasis on refusing to stick to advertisements and avoiding the confiscation of religious beliefs and traditional ideas for the common good, and development of professionalism in regard to promotion of alternative medicine traditions.
Indigenous Knowledge
Mahjabin Radaei; Esmaeil Salehi
Abstract
Cultural landscapes that result from diverse changes and are influenced by crises caused by natural or human processes can be valuable references for learning, decision-making, and planning in the face of changes in the contemporary world. The study aimed to design a conceptual model of the continuity ...
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Cultural landscapes that result from diverse changes and are influenced by crises caused by natural or human processes can be valuable references for learning, decision-making, and planning in the face of changes in the contemporary world. The study aimed to design a conceptual model of the continuity of the evolutionary process of the cultural landscape in the face of climate change using the grounded theory method. Purposive sampling was done with 30 samples, data collection was done through semi-structured interviews, and data was analyzed using MAXQDA software. Following the explanation of the concept of the cultural landscape and the analysis of its evolution based on the theory of structuration, landscape ecology, and change, the results of the study showed that the continuous evolution of cultural landscapes against environmental stresses, including climate changes, requires the discovery and recall of lived experiences during the moments of change and transformational learning in the direction of mitigation, adaptation, value-creating, and regeneration measures. The application of this model in formulating strategies in temporal-spatial scales can lead to the improvement of cultural resilience of cultural landscapes and establish continuity in the path of evolution.
