Indigenous Knowledge
Fatemeh Roodi; Hosein Raie; Asghar Mohammad Moradi
Abstract
The climatic diversity in Mazandaran province has resulted in the development of distinct spaces for the production and utilization of livestock, each with unique physical and functional characteristics. Gesansereh and Telar are two spatial elements utilized by local communities in Mazandaran Mountain ...
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The climatic diversity in Mazandaran province has resulted in the development of distinct spaces for the production and utilization of livestock, each with unique physical and functional characteristics. Gesansereh and Telar are two spatial elements utilized by local communities in Mazandaran Mountain and Angehroud Noor village. The research aims to document the architectural and cultural characteristics of these elements. Factors such as immigration and the shift from traditional livestock farming to industrial systems have led to the decline and neglect of this native heritage. The article's purpose is to introduce the native heritage related to animal husbandry using a descriptive-analytical research method. The results of the research demonstrate that Telar is a traditional structure used for livestock in the winter, while Gesansereh is used for milking sheep and producing dairy products in the summer. Each structure has a unique architecture based on its function, containing indigenous knowledge related to animal health, social systems, and cultural traditions related to local food and product production. They are considered part of Iran's pastoral and agricultural heritage and have a significant relationship with geographical livelihood and sustainable development.
Indigenous Knowledge
Amirali Boroumand; Esmaeil Salehi
Abstract
The current research analyzed the hardware (structure) and software (function) of the Heytes. In this regard, research methods were historical document research and semi-structured in-depth interviews with the residents of Mashhad's historical areas. The results indicate that "Heyte" was a tangible concept ...
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The current research analyzed the hardware (structure) and software (function) of the Heytes. In this regard, research methods were historical document research and semi-structured in-depth interviews with the residents of Mashhad's historical areas. The results indicate that "Heyte" was a tangible concept in the city of Mashhad, which arose organically during the Qajar period due to the need to provide food security for the neighborhoods during the eras when conflicts of neighborhoods arose. Allocation of Heyte by the neighborhood owner, management of Heyte area with Kodkhoda,s of crops grown were fast-growing crops, including annual plants and Shrubs, and each household's share of the Heyte is proportional to the number of its members. When the first Pahlavi era began and accelerated the modern urban development process, the Heyte changed their Structural-functionality and became plaza. The acceleration of changes in Mashhad during the second Pahlavi period caused the destruction of all Heytes and the transformation of the only remaining area, the "Haj karbalai Ali Heyte" into an urban green space. The discussions of the present research seek to recreate the Heyte in today's cities by combining the three historical roles of Heyte ("participatory urban agricultural space", "plaza" and "local green space").
Indigenous Knowledge
Mohammad Afrough
Abstract
Ili and nomadic braids are a part of the weaving system and an outstanding example of the native arts of this layer, which is remarkable in the artistic and visual field. in the meantime, kormanji weavings in north Khorasan are a part of this system, which has visual capacity and capabilities in terms ...
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Ili and nomadic braids are a part of the weaving system and an outstanding example of the native arts of this layer, which is remarkable in the artistic and visual field. in the meantime, kormanji weavings in north Khorasan are a part of this system, which has visual capacity and capabilities in terms of aesthetics (design, pattern, and color). therefore, the process of decorating the text of the weaves is done in the light of the simple concept of weaving, mental weaving, and the result is the formation of patterns with a geometric and abstract nature. due to the type and form of the pattern, the style and format of expression of shapes and forms are created, which can be defined in two abstract and abstract styles from a visual and visual point of view. this approach can be explained for all motifs of nomadic weaves. from this point of view, the question is, what are the types of kormanj woven motifs and what are the characteristics and criteria of applying abstract styles to the said motifs and designs? the aim of this research is to identify, classify and analyze all kinds of abstract motifs in kormanj weavings. the upcoming
Indigenous Knowledge
Mansoor Shahvali
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is ex planting indigenous Vareh cooperation member's cognitive semantic in their daily life. This will lead to finding out how they learn from daily interactions with surrounding environment, social and economic conditions, which is based on mind-experience-language interaction. ...
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The purpose of this paper is ex planting indigenous Vareh cooperation member's cognitive semantic in their daily life. This will lead to finding out how they learn from daily interactions with surrounding environment, social and economic conditions, which is based on mind-experience-language interaction. This paper is run out by a triple approach as well as documentary and hermneutic research methods. The first method was used to find out relative documents about Vareh cooperation. The hermneutic method was used to find out how subjective-objective semantic interactions are led to new understanding and learning by Vareh members. This on-gaining process by available equipment will lead to new knowledge. Meanwhile, family members, groups, politics, ethics, society, indigenous technologies, etc. are affecting this process. However, this cognitive semantic process in daily lives lead to Cognitive Hi-Techs which is a prerequisite for development; specifically for rural and nomadic people; This process is demonstrated by a model which is presented at end of this article.
Indigenous Knowledge
Samera Salimpour Abkenar; Amir Anvari Moghaddam
Abstract
Siah chador (or Black tent) is one of the identity elements of nomadic life, which is generally made from raw materials. Siah chador weaving is also connected with the spirit of cooperation of clan people, just like the need to provide security and food in nomadic life. This study is focused on the traditional ...
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Siah chador (or Black tent) is one of the identity elements of nomadic life, which is generally made from raw materials. Siah chador weaving is also connected with the spirit of cooperation of clan people, just like the need to provide security and food in nomadic life. This study is focused on the traditional art of Siah chador weaving in the Seidal village of Nehbandan town in South Khorasan province. An art in which the men of the village participate closely with the weaving women in the spinning, warp drawing, sewing the black strips of the tent, and erecting it. The aim is to preserve the intangible cultural heritage and also introduce the practical method of Siah chador weaving. In addition, the most important question is how the traditional art of Siah-chador weaving in Seidal village has been effective in its residents life and ecology. The research method is based on field studies, interviews, and published documents. The results show that the residents of Sidal Village use goat hair obtained from animal husbandry and the power of experienced weavers to weave quality Siah chador that in addition to meeting the needs of the province, are also exported to neighboring countries.
Indigenous Knowledge
zahra khodadad; Pejman Dadkhah
Abstract
Glass is a unique material that is regenerated by a vital glassmaker.Glassmaking in Iran goes back thousands of years. With the advent of Islam, it entered a new stage.The 3rd to 6th centuries A.H.are considered to be the most important periods of glassmaking, the Islamic era.The upcoming research on ...
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Glass is a unique material that is regenerated by a vital glassmaker.Glassmaking in Iran goes back thousands of years. With the advent of Islam, it entered a new stage.The 3rd to 6th centuries A.H.are considered to be the most important periods of glassmaking, the Islamic era.The upcoming research on the comparative study and examination of the glass perfumers of the Islamic era, relying on documentary studies with a historical approach in a descriptive-analytical way, answers these questions, what are its visual characteristics and is it influenced by pre-Islamic art?How was its influence on the governments of the same time and after it?Studies show that it was heavily influenced by the art and culture of the Sassanid period and the use of scorpions, cats, horses, and the bodies and heads of birds, which were combined and made based on the artist's imagination.It seems that the artists received specialized training from the Syrian artisans who were in Samarra under the control of the Sasanians, and also the works obtained in other parts of the world show that Iranian artists have influenced the artisans and artists of Syria and Iraq by creating mysterious and beautiful works.The following centuries will make similar to it
Indigenous Knowledge
Elmira Sharbafi; Hamid Reza REZAEI; Sadegh Salehi; Mohammad Sadegh Farhadinia; Maryam Shahbazi
Abstract
The historical relationship between humans and nature can be introduced and investigated with Indigenous ecological knowledge used in conservation policy-making and should be considered in governmental and formal conservation. This study aimed to investigate the relationship of the local people with ...
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The historical relationship between humans and nature can be introduced and investigated with Indigenous ecological knowledge used in conservation policy-making and should be considered in governmental and formal conservation. This study aimed to investigate the relationship of the local people with Persian leopard, Brown bear, and Grey wolf in three protected areas of Hyrcanian forests in Mazandaran and Gilan provinces with an ethnographic approach. During interviews with more than 40 local people and holding group meetings, several questions were asked, including general knowledge of the species, beliefs and stories, use of body parts, and how to keep away carnivores from properties and hunting methods. The results indicated that the locals had high experience and knowledge about the nature and wildlife around them. Due to leopard and wolf attacks on livestock and lack of compensation, there is a negative view of these species, especially wolves. The use of bear bodies, especially fat, was heard among all three tribes. Talysh people quoted different stories and myths specifically about the wolf and bear. In educational planning, paying attention to the history of positive and negative beliefs about these species can lead to effective protection in these areas
Indigenous Knowledge
ammar ahmadi; Vahid Rashidvash; Yaqub Sharbatian
Abstract
The tourism industry is an ancient phenomenon in human societies that has reached its economic, social and ecological position over time in different historical stages. Rural tourism is also considered a part of the tourism industry, which can play an effective role in the development of these areas ...
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The tourism industry is an ancient phenomenon in human societies that has reached its economic, social and ecological position over time in different historical stages. Rural tourism is also considered a part of the tourism industry, which can play an effective role in the development of these areas with proper planning and identification of the advantages and limitations of rural tourism and, as a result, national development and diversification of the national economy. The important topic and basic goal of this research is local knowledge and its relationship with the issue of tourism development in Dashaksan village, Meshkinshahr city, Ardabil province. The theoretical framework of the research is based on the use of the school of functionalism, relying on the theory of needs and the school of structuralism. The tools for collecting information and data are: books, scientific and research articles, atlases and geographical maps, video camera, photo camera, voice recorder and interview, slip and notebook. The findings of this research are the indigenous knowledge of traditional water mills (Diyarman and Diyarmanchaliq) and its modern structure and function among the people of this village and their relationship with the development of tourism in Dashaksan village.
Indigenous Knowledge
Mehdi Pirhayati
Abstract
Bridges in the mountainous land of Iran as structures with indigenous architecture have existed since prehistoric times. Crossing the permanent and abundant rivers of Lorestan, which flow in deep valleys, was not easy without using a bridge. Several remaining inscriptions at the site of several historical ...
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Bridges in the mountainous land of Iran as structures with indigenous architecture have existed since prehistoric times. Crossing the permanent and abundant rivers of Lorestan, which flow in deep valleys, was not easy without using a bridge. Several remaining inscriptions at the site of several historical bridges in Lorestan are evidence of this claim that Badr ibn Ḥasanwayh in the fourth century AH had repaired and rebuilt huge bridges on the rivers of Lorestan, especially the Kashkan River. Therefore, the aim of this research is to introduce one of the important water structures in the Zagros basin and to read and understand the common indigenous techniques of bridge building in this period based on historical documents and evidence, through library and field studies using an interpretive approach and a qualitative strategy. The research, focusing on 4 case studies, while achieving the main framework of the common physical structure of the mentioned bridges, identified the reading of their indigenous techniques and knowledge, which included the technology of building foundations, the similarity of the passage surface and walkway, and the indigenous technique of wide arches in wide spans.
Indigenous Knowledge
Hosein Raie
Abstract
Throughout history, Iranians' livelihoods were contingent on agriculture and farming, and affluent landowners and lords were regarded as noble and high social strata. Existing historical and archaeological records and documents demonstrate agricultural heritage sites in Iran's cultural area. Some are ...
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Throughout history, Iranians' livelihoods were contingent on agriculture and farming, and affluent landowners and lords were regarded as noble and high social strata. Existing historical and archaeological records and documents demonstrate agricultural heritage sites in Iran's cultural area. Some are related to farmsteads, which developed from the early Islamic ages to the twentieth century and were utilized for centuries as a means of subsistence and commerce. They had four ownership system types: endowment, lordship, court and regality, and in the Qajar and Pahlavi periods, part of them came under lordship ownership. This ownership type has resulted in physical and functional changes in historical farmsteads due to political, social, and economic changes in Iran during the 19th and 20th centuries, challenging their identity and authenticity.The moot point of the research is the need for a deeper understanding of the relationship between lordly ownership and the life of Iranian farmsteads during the Qajar and Pahlavi periods, and this article aims to introduce the influential elements using the interpretive approach and historical interpretive strategy. To this end, the Qazibala farmstead in Qom will be used as a healthy and comprehensive case study of an Iranian farmstead.
Indigenous Knowledge
Ebrahim Ekhlasi; Amir Nemati
Abstract
Alternative medicine treatment traditions, are favored by a range of social actors. The purpose of the research is to identify the areas of tendency towards alternative medicine traditions and to discover the lived experience of Tehrani citizens regarding procedures included in them. Data collection ...
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Alternative medicine treatment traditions, are favored by a range of social actors. The purpose of the research is to identify the areas of tendency towards alternative medicine traditions and to discover the lived experience of Tehrani citizens regarding procedures included in them. Data collection was done through semi-structured interviews with 30 people who referred to diagnostic-treatment centers active under alternative medicine traditions in Tehran, who were selected purposefully and based on inclusion criteria. Exploration of experiences was done based on the Claizian method. "Hegemony of social constructions discrediting biomedicine", "Demand of heterogeneity arising from the spread of Corona", "Hidden coexistence of biomedicine with economy and politics", "Prevention and treatment as a lifestyle", "Applied therapy in the context of the organic and natural, "pluralistic undesirability of bio-medicine ", and "effective identity creation based on self-realization" were the final themes answering the study questions. The informants are further informed about the opposition to some of the words and actions included in the traditions of alternative medicine. They put emphasis on refusing to stick to advertisements and avoiding the confiscation of religious beliefs and traditional ideas for the common good, and development of professionalism in regard to promotion of alternative medicine traditions.
Indigenous Knowledge
Mahjabin Radaei; Esmaeil Salehi
Abstract
Cultural landscapes that result from diverse changes and are influenced by crises caused by natural or human processes can be valuable references for learning, decision-making, and planning in the face of changes in the contemporary world. The study aimed to design a conceptual model of the continuity ...
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Cultural landscapes that result from diverse changes and are influenced by crises caused by natural or human processes can be valuable references for learning, decision-making, and planning in the face of changes in the contemporary world. The study aimed to design a conceptual model of the continuity of the evolutionary process of the cultural landscape in the face of climate change using the grounded theory method. Purposive sampling was done with 30 samples, data collection was done through semi-structured interviews, and data was analyzed using MAXQDA software. Following the explanation of the concept of the cultural landscape and the analysis of its evolution based on the theory of structuration, landscape ecology, and change, the results of the study showed that the continuous evolution of cultural landscapes against environmental stresses, including climate changes, requires the discovery and recall of lived experiences during the moments of change and transformational learning in the direction of mitigation, adaptation, value-creating, and regeneration measures. The application of this model in formulating strategies in temporal-spatial scales can lead to the improvement of cultural resilience of cultural landscapes and establish continuity in the path of evolution.
Indigenous Knowledge
Maryam Mohammadi; Reza Rahimnia; Amir Mohammad Moazezi Mehr-e-Tehran
Abstract
Intangible cultural heritage is a bridge that connects the past to the present and the present to the future. The intangible heritage of Gorgan has also brought the dynamism and vitality of Gorgan's historical context from long ago to the present day by flowing in the neighborhood centers. these centers ...
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Intangible cultural heritage is a bridge that connects the past to the present and the present to the future. The intangible heritage of Gorgan has also brought the dynamism and vitality of Gorgan's historical context from long ago to the present day by flowing in the neighborhood centers. these centers are Takāya of the city. The Takaya of the city is the arena of manifestation of living culture and a public place to show cultural and religious solidarity. This article, with the aim of "introducing and documenting the intangible heritage and living culture of the Gorgan in relation to the urban and neighborhood centers of the city (Takāya)", relies on written and oral documents. This study has recorded and introduced this heritage of Gorgan through document study and interviews. A study that shows that some of these legacies are still active (Such as Toqh Bāndān, Halīm-Pazī, Sobhe Ruo-Siāh and Shām-i Gharībān), some of them have changed (Such as Daste-Gardāni, Pā-Manbarī, Daste-Choubī) and some of them (Such as women's ta'ziya) have also been forgotten. Considering the interrelated relationship between Takaya's structure and the intangible heritage of the city, this dual relationship has provided better conservation.
Indigenous Knowledge
Zahra Taghadosnejad; Abolfazl Davodiroknabadi; Mohammad-Reza Sharifzadeh
Abstract
As one of the important occupations, cloth weaving played a significant role in the economy, culture and social conditions of Iranian society in the Safavid era. Due to the support of the court and rulers, this profession experienced significant growth and development. The expansion of textile workshops ...
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As one of the important occupations, cloth weaving played a significant role in the economy, culture and social conditions of Iranian society in the Safavid era. Due to the support of the court and rulers, this profession experienced significant growth and development. The expansion of textile workshops and the gathering of artists in these workshops caused valuable textiles to be remembered from this period. These textiles were often used to supply the clothes of courtiers, luxurious curtains, and royal tombs. Textiles that seem to be neglected today and forgotten after the Safavid era. Based on this, the aim of this research is to identify the weaving method of a sample of Safavid period fabrics kept in the Metropolitan Museum. To make the weaving method of this fabric a technical analysis. The collection of information in this research was in the library and field. To achieve this goal, it has been done using a descriptive-analytical method.The findings of this research show that in the Prince and Asir fabric, for the implementation of the pattern, the atlas-finish type of weave is necessarily used, and the method of pattern implementation is in the form of a train. (Rupport 1/2 Rotating Adjective).
Indigenous Knowledge
ameneh mafitabar
Abstract
Textiles had wide-ranging applications in people's daily lives during the Qajar era, as in any other era. This study aimed to identify different applications of fabrics in Qajar kitchens and catering and also examine their decorations and accessories. The main research question is how can the digital ...
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Textiles had wide-ranging applications in people's daily lives during the Qajar era, as in any other era. This study aimed to identify different applications of fabrics in Qajar kitchens and catering and also examine their decorations and accessories. The main research question is how can the digital archive of Harvard University be employed to recover and analyze fabric pieces used in the Qajar kitchen and catering. This was historical research using a descriptive-analytical approach and purposive sampling of Qajar fabrics associated with food preparation and feasting. The findings revealed that fabrics played a significant role in storing catering equipment during this period. These items were generally decorated with embroidery. Some items such as tablecloths and eating mats were sometimes decorated through printing techniques (Kalamkari). Although fabrics decorated through weaving techniques were used in kitchen settings, the extensive utilization of decoration (particularly needlework and, later on, block printing) in small kitchen items was aimed for decorative purposes and also concealing wear and tear in fabrics.
Indigenous Knowledge
atefe fazel; mehdi razani
Abstract
This research has been done, with the purpose of reconstructing the glaze manufacturing technology based on historical formulas with an emphasis on the carved pottery of the middle ages of the Islamic period and based on the experimental- technical method. The main questions are: 1) What was the process ...
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This research has been done, with the purpose of reconstructing the glaze manufacturing technology based on historical formulas with an emphasis on the carved pottery of the middle ages of the Islamic period and based on the experimental- technical method. The main questions are: 1) What was the process of development and formation of sgraffito pottery until its peak? 2)According to the available information regarding the technical operation of sgraffito pottery, how can it be revived? In this article, the history and techniques of sgraffito pottery and its developments in Iran, as well as the stages of making scratched pottery, with an emphasis on the Aqhkand type pottery, are discussed and based on this, by designing experimental-technical tests, prototyping, and testing the body of pottery and glaze has been carried out, based on observations and visual study Aqhkand pottery collection. The results showed that by considering some factors such as: coordination of the appropriate clay body, the coordination of white slip with the colored glaze, the coordination of the colored glaze with the transparent glaze coating on the body of pottery controlling the formula and amounts of the materials, the desired glaze can be restored and revived.
Indigenous Knowledge
Samera Salimpour Abkenar; Amir Anvari Moghaddam
Abstract
Traditional spinning and weaving have been formed following the climatic, material, and spiritual needs of different relatives. Generally, the natural resources of each region are selected as the first option for the production of hand-woven textiles. This research introduces a valuable plant resource ...
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Traditional spinning and weaving have been formed following the climatic, material, and spiritual needs of different relatives. Generally, the natural resources of each region are selected as the first option for the production of hand-woven textiles. This research introduces a valuable plant resource called "Malleh cotton", which has been revived and re-cultivated in the Khosf of South Khorasan. Malleh cotton is a kind of soft and brown cotton, which is considered "blessed and holy" by local residents due to its warming properties in winter. The purpose is to preserve the intangible cultural heritage of "the cultivation, traditional spinning, and weaving of Malleh cotton". The most important question of this study is: what is the structural difference between Malleh and white cotton? In order to find a suitable answer to the mentioned question, conventional FTIR and XRD analyses have been used. The research method is based on field studies, interviews, and published documents. The results show that the cultivation method of Malleh is similar to white cotton and it is possible to spin and weave it in a completely manual and traditional method.
Indigenous Knowledge
shima DOOLABI; mohammadnabi salim
Abstract
The parameter of this research is to investigate a structure that has a defensive position and a geostrategic position in Iran, which with its special components such as: defense power, deterrent geography, environmental control and transit connection, has played an important role in the passive defense ...
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The parameter of this research is to investigate a structure that has a defensive position and a geostrategic position in Iran, which with its special components such as: defense power, deterrent geography, environmental control and transit connection, has played an important role in the passive defense of societies .The ancient Tazareh fortress of Damghan is one of the buildings and preventive defense networks of Iran that remain unknown. This castle, in connection with historical and geographical changes, has prevented the vulnerability of human society and strengthened local security.The purpose of this research, using field observations and analytical studies, is to measure the situation and interpret the basics of the defense of Tazareh Castle and the importance of its passive defense. The findings of this research indicate that the multifaceted and distinguished feature of this fort, on the aspect of passive defense elements such as: geographical location, covering and concealing of installations, obstacles, and the benefit of protective walls are important. In a way that defensive layering and defensive measures have put the location of the castle in a superior position
Indigenous Knowledge
Mahshid Radaei; Parisa Hashempour; Farhad Ahmadnejad; Hamed Beyti
Abstract
Iranian historical buildings are manifestations of the worldview and cultural-social-ecological structure, which is based on indigenous concepts, principles, and values, and strives to meet the temporal and spatial needs of its users. The historical distance of contemporary times from the progress of ...
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Iranian historical buildings are manifestations of the worldview and cultural-social-ecological structure, which is based on indigenous concepts, principles, and values, and strives to meet the temporal and spatial needs of its users. The historical distance of contemporary times from the progress of the achievements of architectural predecessors and sometimes superficial imitation of the past form and appearance of architecture has faced many contemporary architects with the concern of the formation of architectural work with identity. The question of the research is, what has changed the physical-spatial characteristics of residential buildings from the point of view of the realization of indigenous values over time? The current research is a descriptive-analytical study to explain the place of indigenous values in Iranian architecture, which examines the physical-spatial changes of residential buildings from the perspective of the realization of indigenous values over time. The comparison of case studies was done based on the four criteria. The results emphasize the fact that by recognizing the indigenous values of historical houses and analyzing the physical-spatial changes of residential buildings from the point of view of indigenous values over time, the residential buildings of the present time can be shaped in sync with the indigenous values.
Indigenous Knowledge
ammar ahmadi; Vahid Rashidvash; Yaqub Sharbatian; ali Baseri; Mohammad Hadi Mansour Lakoraj
Abstract
The main objective of present research is to explore indigenous knowledge of traditional medicine within the beliefs of people, particularly rural women in the village of Alni, Meshkin Shahr. The methodology employed in this study is Malinowski's simultaneous analysis, interpreting narrative interviews ...
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The main objective of present research is to explore indigenous knowledge of traditional medicine within the beliefs of people, particularly rural women in the village of Alni, Meshkin Shahr. The methodology employed in this study is Malinowski's simultaneous analysis, interpreting narrative interviews through the hermeneutic method. In essence, these narratives serve as spoken documents, anthropologically analyzed and interpreted through hermeneutics. The distinctive contribution of this research lies in its scarcity, addressing the fundamental concern of the research team regarding the limited research output in the realm of indigenous knowledge of traditional medicine in Iran's rural communities. The outcome of this research underscores the development of the traditional medicine industry within the framework of its indigenous knowledge, contributing to addressing tourism-related issues and attracting tourism to rural areas, notably the village of Alni in Meshkin Shahr. Another pivotal consideration is the realization of economic benefits and social well-being for rural families, a crucial factor impacting the social fabric of this village.
Indigenous Knowledge
azita belali oskui; yahya jamali; elmira karimi pour; javad kheiri
Abstract
This research has been done with the descriptive-analytical method with the aim of explaining the relationship between the orientation of the Qajar houses of Tabriz and their spatial organization from the perspective of the entrance system. During the investigations, the purpose of the entrance design ...
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This research has been done with the descriptive-analytical method with the aim of explaining the relationship between the orientation of the Qajar houses of Tabriz and their spatial organization from the perspective of the entrance system. During the investigations, the purpose of the entrance design was to target the access path to the yard, and the entrance device plays a significant role in orientation; Thus, despite the multiplicity of entrances, each of them has the possibility of dividing the house into a separate section, and each section can have its own direction and axis. The spatial system of each section is the responsibility of the courtyard (at the entrances of the outer courtyard) and the hall (at the entrances of other fronts), which with the passage of time and approaching the end of the Qajar period and the vertical development of houses, this role has been assigned from the hall to the foyer. Also, organizing with a foyer, unlike organizing with a hall, has reduced the independence and increased the flexibility of spaces.
Indigenous Knowledge
Ahmad Sohrabinia; Majid MontazerZohouri
Abstract
Ownership of lands, feudalism systems and division of agricultural products has a long history in Iran. Agricultural system from demission and division of lands till the three step of cultivating, keeping and harvesting then division of products as well as taking tax, needs a regular circle and recording ...
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Ownership of lands, feudalism systems and division of agricultural products has a long history in Iran. Agricultural system from demission and division of lands till the three step of cultivating, keeping and harvesting then division of products as well as taking tax, needs a regular circle and recording instruments as well as product measuring in different districts. In this research in addition to exploring circle of landholding from early Islamic period to Qajar period, two threshing heap stamp, that used to make mark on wheat as well as barley heaps are investigated. In this article we use anthropological and library studies based on descriptive and analytical approach to investigate the region cultivation and tow threshing heap stamps. The aims of this study are to identify the function as well as identity of these two stamps in socioeconomic context and investigate the circle of agriculture at Komijan city and Esfandan village, also tried to determine the identity and essence the stamps that are used by whom and when. In this end, structure of the stamps as well as form, material, motive and phrase on them will be described.
Indigenous Knowledge
Soheila Yousofvand; Abolfazl Sharifian; Hamid Reza Qutbal-Dini
Abstract
The current study aimed at providing an assessment of pastoralists’ knowledge in Darreh Shahr county at Ilam province associated with Scrophularia striata and Anchusa italica. In this order, field observations, semi-structured interviews and community feedback methods were used with 57 knowledgeable ...
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The current study aimed at providing an assessment of pastoralists’ knowledge in Darreh Shahr county at Ilam province associated with Scrophularia striata and Anchusa italica. In this order, field observations, semi-structured interviews and community feedback methods were used with 57 knowledgeable and skilled local pastoralists with legal grazing license. Result showed that pastoralists carried extensive knowledge with regard to different aspects of these two plant species. This knowledge included morphological and botanical characteristics, phenology, habitat properties including geographical distribution, ecology and companion plants, forage and fodder properties, harvesting approaches, therapeutic properties and side effects. It was found through the findings that, based on traditional knowledge of pastoralists, the main therapeutic properties of Scrophularia striata were treatment of burning injuries, internal infection of the female genital organs, the infection in general and acne. For Anchusa italica the therapeutic properties included sedative effects and reducing stress and depression. The result also showed an erosion of medicinal plants traditional knowledge due to the death of knowledgeable elderlies and the lack of interest among new generations regarding traditional knowledge. The innovation of this study is in the deep examination of traditional knowledge regarding different aspects of ethnobotany besides medicinal properties of plants.
Indigenous Knowledge
alinaghi gooya; hossein barani; ahmad Abedi Sarvestani
Abstract
Abstracthe aim of this research is to identify the indigenous knowledge of camel husbandry in the territory of Kalkuyee nomads in Masileh plain of Qom province, who have a long history of camel husbandry in this region. The way of obtaining the data is in the field with the continuous presence of the ...
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Abstracthe aim of this research is to identify the indigenous knowledge of camel husbandry in the territory of Kalkuyee nomads in Masileh plain of Qom province, who have a long history of camel husbandry in this region. The way of obtaining the data is in the field with the continuous presence of the tribes of the Kalkuyee tribe in the form of interview (question and answer), observation, filming and photography during three years. Also, in addition to individual interviews with native camel herders and nomadic experts, group interviews were also used in order to collect data and gain knowledge about the local knowledge of camel herders. The information has been classified based on convergence and divergence. The findings include indigenous knowledge related to naming, marking, the position of camels, characteristics of good camels, and reproduction among nomads of Kalkuyee tribe. The results of the research in the territory of Kalkuyee nomads showed that they have local knowledge and extensive work experience in camel husbandry. From the local knowledge of camel herders, we come to the conclusion that camel herding has long been a traditional and cultural activity with specific regional characteristics, and with camel herding and traditional life,
Indigenous Knowledge
fatemeh mirzaei
Abstract
Associated with Sistan and Baluchestan Province in Iran, specifically Sarhad and Makran, Baluchi needlework is a prominent form of traditional arts. The purpose of this study was to classify original and frequent motifs found in Baluchi-Duzi (Baluchi embroidery) to discover their symbolic meanings. The ...
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Associated with Sistan and Baluchestan Province in Iran, specifically Sarhad and Makran, Baluchi needlework is a prominent form of traditional arts. The purpose of this study was to classify original and frequent motifs found in Baluchi-Duzi (Baluchi embroidery) to discover their symbolic meanings. The central question was how could the motifs in Baluchi needlework be analyzed and thematically classified according to the Iranian traditional arts model. In this descriptive-analytical study, probability sampling was utilized to select Baluchi needlework motifs through field research (observation- and interview-based) and library research (indexing and image analysis). The data were analyzed by thematic classification derived from the Iranian traditional arts model. Examination of forty-four motifs demonstrated that Baluchi needlework motifs are geometrical in the main that can be classified into signify human, animal, plant and object (such as jewelry, everyday items, and places) shapes and components. These represent the realities of the Baluchis’ life and beliefs.
