Indigenous Knowledge
Mohammad Afrough
Abstract
Ili and nomadic braids are a part of the weaving system and an outstanding example of the native arts of this layer, which is remarkable in the artistic and visual field. in the meantime, kormanji weavings in north Khorasan are a part of this system, which has visual capacity and capabilities in terms ...
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Ili and nomadic braids are a part of the weaving system and an outstanding example of the native arts of this layer, which is remarkable in the artistic and visual field. in the meantime, kormanji weavings in north Khorasan are a part of this system, which has visual capacity and capabilities in terms of aesthetics (design, pattern, and color). therefore, the process of decorating the text of the weaves is done in the light of the simple concept of weaving, mental weaving, and the result is the formation of patterns with a geometric and abstract nature. due to the type and form of the pattern, the style and format of expression of shapes and forms are created, which can be defined in two abstract and abstract styles from a visual and visual point of view. this approach can be explained for all motifs of nomadic weaves. from this point of view, the question is, what are the types of kormanj woven motifs and what are the characteristics and criteria of applying abstract styles to the said motifs and designs? the aim of this research is to identify, classify and analyze all kinds of abstract motifs in kormanj weavings. the upcoming
kazem mollazadeh
Abstract
In 1936 AD, during excavation of a Parthian site in central Mesopotamia, a device was discovered consisting of a small clay pot with 14 cm height, in which a copper cylinder with an iron rod had been placed. Comparable samples of the device were later discovered in other sites (such as Ctesiphon, ...
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In 1936 AD, during excavation of a Parthian site in central Mesopotamia, a device was discovered consisting of a small clay pot with 14 cm height, in which a copper cylinder with an iron rod had been placed. Comparable samples of the device were later discovered in other sites (such as Ctesiphon, capital of Iran during the Parthian and Sassanid period). Considering the features of the device, it was correctly identified as an electric cell at the outset, and some hypotheses were raised about its application including electroplating, magical and medical use. Due to scientific and technical complexity of the electroplating process and also lack of necessary efficiency of the Parthian cell in electroplating, the first hypothesis is less accepted today. Based on scientific and technical support of this finding, it cannot be accepted that the Parthian cell has had a magical use. Therefore, since historical evidence shows that in this historic period, electric fish had been used to relieve pain and also considering the modern medicinal experience in use of weak electrical currents to relieve pain and cure a number of diseases, the most likely hypothesis seems to be associated with medicine. In the Parthian period, Mesopotamia was one of the most important centers of the East-West relationship. In such an environment, medical technicians and physicians have made such a tool using their experience and the knowledge imparted to this region from China and Rome.
hossein barani; mohammadreza shahraki
Abstract
Anthropology has a special place as the science of culture and study of human interaction and accommodation with the environment. One of the most important discussion in the field of anthropology in knowing the culture of village and nomad societies is the study of their native knowledge and the method ...
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Anthropology has a special place as the science of culture and study of human interaction and accommodation with the environment. One of the most important discussion in the field of anthropology in knowing the culture of village and nomad societies is the study of their native knowledge and the method of their accommodation with the environment, nature and meeting their biological and non-biological needs in nature. Native knowledge refers to solutions that humans have achieved by experience in so many years for solving their problems based on the experience of their ancestors and which can be different in each region considering their specific conditions. Having recorded the native knowledge of the region, anthropologists make known the thoughts of animal farmers, shepherds and cameleers about their environment. The present paper studies the traditional method of camel husbandry and the native knowledge of cameleers in the grasslands of the North of Iran in Gomishan region. It also aims at knowing and detection of their common information and terminology about camel and camel husbandry. The region studied is the grasslands of Gomishan city o Golestan Province located 25 kilometers far away from the city. In this paper, the necessary information on camel husbandry method based on native knowledge is gathered through interview, observation, taking pictures and videos. The findings include the native knowledge about the cycle and calendar of the camel husbandry activities, camel herd grasslands, issues related to reproduction and delivery in camel, animals accompanying the herd, the status of camel herd, marking the animal and camel productions such as milk and its byproducts, wool and meat
amir saberi; ismaiel karami dehkordi
Abstract
In the course of realization of constant development of villages with people-based orientation aiming at their empowerment, the native knowledge is the most significant part of development in terms of local beliefs, values, methods and knowledge. Experience shows that not only is the native knowledge ...
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In the course of realization of constant development of villages with people-based orientation aiming at their empowerment, the native knowledge is the most significant part of development in terms of local beliefs, values, methods and knowledge. Experience shows that not only is the native knowledge not inconsistent with the official one, but it can also complement it. Native knowledge is accessible, comprehensible, efficient, and inexpensive and is transmitted orally. This knowledge has been dynamic, has completed in nature and local communities, is consistent with native and regional conditions and has helped villagers in stable management of water-yielding places so that they would have more active role in development of natural sources. The present study aims at evaluating the level of knowledge of villagers in the field of water and soil protection technology. The data are gathered through using focused groups, interviews, questionnaires along with participation of experts of water-yielding areas of Shahid Rajaie Yanser, Mazandaran Province. The findings show that the primary living facilities in most villages under study are at an average level and that villages in different areas have various climate and weather. Also, the heavy dependence of villagers on natural sources and limitations in family income sources has led to pressurizing and destruction of natural sources. Experts consider destruction of jungles and grasslands, floods, decrease in water sources and shortage of water supply, soil erosion, accumulation of sediments behind dams and destruction of river edges as the most important crises related to natural sources. They believe that utilizers should have great skill and knowledge when it comes to occurrence, reasons and significance of such crises and also significance of operations of water-yielding utilization and its protection. This paper reveals that evaluations and prioritizations of experts are quite different from the evaluations made based on popular knowledge. In many cases the knowledge and information of people about ecosystems and species they are in contact with are less than what is really there. Therefore, the most important educational prioritization should deal with native knowledge and establishment of interaction between the native and official knowledge. In the world industrialization process, agricultural section, especially in the third world has witnessed the most damages, because native methods have left their once tried experience.
kaveh farhadi; morteza salemi ghamsari
Abstract
It goes without saying that food is quite significant which is felt by biologists, psychologists and more importantly by people. However, some societies including Iranians have always witnessed various incidents for thousand years due to its specific geographical and historical condition, shortage of ...
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It goes without saying that food is quite significant which is felt by biologists, psychologists and more importantly by people. However, some societies including Iranians have always witnessed various incidents for thousand years due to its specific geographical and historical condition, shortage of food and even water on the one hand, and many natural disasters and attacks by alien tribes on the other hand. Therefore, they have so much and sometimes unique experience in issues related to food security, management and storage. The said experiences unfortunately keep being forgotten. In most Iranian regions, there are mountains with water and no soil or deserts with soil and no water. Moreover, plants grow and agricultural, garden, and animal products are produced only in some months of the year. On the other hand, dangerous pests such as locust, age, color, natural disasters such as drought, untimely cold weather, flood, hail, and worst of all social insecurities including attacks on Iran which is a record-holder in this regard have all led to collection of experience in such special conditions so as to be used in such unlucky days of shortage or drought. Iranians have innovated various solutions to the extent that they have been able to store the most perishable foods such as milk for one week to two years. This is also true for vegetable, meat and fresh fruits. The present paper is the preliminary stage of a great work about traditional methods of food storage and traditional ways of fighting drought which have been applied by our ancestors for thousands of years. The paper aims at recording the latest experiences of old villagers and stories they have heard or applied about drought and different methods of combating it, food storage techniques and diet management at times of shortage before its too late. One of the findings is drawing of the preliminary graph of food classification in Iranian culture.
