Reza Rahimnia; Mehran Gharaati; Ali Zamanifard
Volume 2, Issue 4 , June 2016, , Pages 145-177
Abstract
Conservation/restoration can be regarded as the science of transferring a given cultural from the past to the future, which calls for a comprehensive framework based on keen understanding of the past (indigenous) knowledge. On the other hand, there is very limited number of research for creating ...
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Conservation/restoration can be regarded as the science of transferring a given cultural from the past to the future, which calls for a comprehensive framework based on keen understanding of the past (indigenous) knowledge. On the other hand, there is very limited number of research for creating theoretical premises in the field of Conservation of Architectural and Urban Heritage. In addition, the Western theories would not fully apply to and address the existing issues in Iran. Therefore, it is more sensible to use qualitative as well as interpretative methods for research in traditional knowledge. One of such methods is “Grounded Theory”, although the use of this method in the field of conservation is not yet prevalent in the world and in Iran as well. This paper aims at explaining the characteristics of grounded theory as an applied research method in the study of indigenous knowledge of Conservation. This research has been conducted with theoretical study in recognition of grounded theory as well as practical experience to apply this method in indigenous knowledge research. Finally, the process of grounded theory in the indigenous knowledge research has been explained. Indigenous knowledge research by grounded theory is as follows: 1) literature review (for theoretical sensitivity), 2) theoretical sampling, 3) collecting data (derived from the indigenous knowledge sources), 4) data coding and analysis (until theoretical saturation) and 5) present the theory. At the result,the grounded theory can be a good method to response the theoretical limitation in conservation. This method provides the opinion, perception, and understanding of architecture and conservation.
Manizheh Maghsoudi; fariba Seddighi
Abstract
Health, illness, and therapeutic practices are cultural components, so the meaning of these concepts varies throughout different cultures. There are different ethnic and religious groups in Iran, and this diversity makes the different meanings of these concepts. In this paper, we focused on the Zoroastrians ...
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Health, illness, and therapeutic practices are cultural components, so the meaning of these concepts varies throughout different cultures. There are different ethnic and religious groups in Iran, and this diversity makes the different meanings of these concepts. In this paper, we focused on the Zoroastrians of Yazd using the ethnographic method such as participant observation, interview and documents to understand how they construct health, illness, and therapy concepts. We used the conceptual lens of healing, the sacred phenomena, and cultural symbols to analyze our findings. Our study showed that Zoroastrians believed AngraMainyu create illness in the past but nowadays their belief have changed AngraMainyu has no external truth and is only in the human mind, and if human follow AngraMainyu, illness creat. we can try to follow teachings Zoroaster like wisdom, truth and we can overcome the illness by following them. Zoroastrians also perform ritual curing, herbal curing, and Mantra therapy.
Mohammad Afrough; Fathali ghashghaeifr
Abstract
Nomadic woven and specifically qashqai, his most important visual art is. the authenticity of these woven materials consists of aesthetic identity(design, motif and coloring and technical (technique and dyeing). an important part of face making and identity weaves country different tribes is duty weave ...
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Nomadic woven and specifically qashqai, his most important visual art is. the authenticity of these woven materials consists of aesthetic identity(design, motif and coloring and technical (technique and dyeing). an important part of face making and identity weaves country different tribes is duty weave techniques. qashqai weaves has a wide variety of techniques that a large part of them, has lost its application or dimmed. this article is a thorough field study and in relation to the description, analysis, classification and introduction of various techniques weave it is among qashqai tribes. weave techniques is the most important element in the woven system which is the main factor in weaving a work and creation design and motifs.because without the technique, there is no handwoven. research results it's like this : the qashqai woven fabrics are divided into five layers of poudnema, taarnema, souzani, and combined, according to the technique and texture structure.the usual technique used in qashqai knitting system is includes loulbaft(half and full loul), smooth weave(smooth poudshol and smooth poudseft), twist and combined. from porzdar woven can be attentioned to carpet and gabbeh and podnema(smooth poudshol) to gelim and charkh and tanemaha(smooth poudseft) to jajim, palas, oyee, sheshe derme, jajim morakab nafi, and souzanies to davrechin(varounechinbafi), and rend(jajimgol va sibama), and combined(porzdar, smooth baft, twist baft to torkaman naaghsh(ghalibori) and ghachmeh.
Reza Sehhat Manesh; Zahta Esfandiyari
Abstract
Chlorite Vessels and their motifs are the most important non-writing element of the civilization of Halilrood cultural area. Most of the researches in the field of Vessels and motifs of Jiroft civilization are in the field of animal motifs and among these other motifs have not aroused much attention ...
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Chlorite Vessels and their motifs are the most important non-writing element of the civilization of Halilrood cultural area. Most of the researches in the field of Vessels and motifs of Jiroft civilization are in the field of animal motifs and among these other motifs have not aroused much attention of the scientific community. Therefore, the main issue is reading and studying the plant motifs of the civilization of Halilrood basin in the third millennium BC. The present research in the framework of the holy and unholy theory has dealt with the plant motifs of the civilization of Halilrood basin and the main question of the research is: What were the plant carvings and meanings of the Halilrood basin of Jiroft? The present study has been prepared using library and field data and has studied the plant motifs of Halilrood basin as an important factor in restoring the ancient culture and rituals of Iran by descriptive-analytical method. By studying 170 chlorinated Vessels, it was found that 20.58% of the Vessels have plant motifs and from this perspective, they are in the second place after animal motifs.
habibeh Abbasi; Marzieh Mehrabani; Bamshad Yaghmaie; Masood Rezaie Monfared
Abstract
In this article, we aim to emphasis on the significance of the local knowledge in better understanding the cultural remains along with their conservation. Thus, in order to complete our knowledge on the ancient site of Harrireh, located in the northern part of Kish Island, and comprehend some collected ...
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In this article, we aim to emphasis on the significance of the local knowledge in better understanding the cultural remains along with their conservation. Thus, in order to complete our knowledge on the ancient site of Harrireh, located in the northern part of Kish Island, and comprehend some collected data more wisely, the interview with local people has been in priority in this research, and then forms the main content. This is a qualitative research, and methodologically, collecting information is based on archaeological fieldwork, analyzing the old aerial imagery, semi-structured interview, and study of the textual evidence. This research used Value Based Management approach in conservation and cultural heritage management of Harireh and focused on local knowledge of people who live in Kish Island in order to better understanding of some of the cultural remains where they have received less attention. The possible function of the identified canal near the beach of Harrireh in fieldwork was realized by local knowledge. The storeroom of date, the remains of pinctata fucat, and the dry ficus benghalensis trunk are the other data which figuring out their function were based on the local's comprehensive knowledge and experience.
gholamali heshmati; hossein barani; sayyedeh zohreh mirdeylami
Abstract
Indigenous knowledge on medicinal plants is crucial. This extensive knowledge contains different issues such as ethnobotany of medicinal plants. Ethnobotany is human knowledge on botany and plant ecology. In this paper, an ethnobotanical survey has done in the five Turkmen villages around Kalale ...
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Indigenous knowledge on medicinal plants is crucial. This extensive knowledge contains different issues such as ethnobotany of medicinal plants. Ethnobotany is human knowledge on botany and plant ecology. In this paper, an ethnobotanical survey has done in the five Turkmen villages around Kalale district which is located in Northeast of Golestan province. Data collection was done via interviewing, using questionnaires/sheets (totally two hundred and thirty four sheets) at the tree trips/stages to record various data such as collecting time, ecological distribution, local name, medicinal uses and parts of plants used by people. In this study, local people have identified 45 medicinal, edible species which are belonging to 21 families. The results showed that Indigenous knowledge presents invaluable data on the ecological characteristics of plants (ethnoecology), so that can be used to explain distribution of many plant species without applying any expensive and time consuming ecological methods. Meanwhile they have a rich knowledge about medicinal usage of plants
ezatollah samaram
Abstract
Halālbi (“forgiving the deceased husband”) phenomenon is one of the types of forgiveness or asking for forgiveness which is seen in people at the time of separations in which there is little chance of meeting again such as far and dangerous journeys, or when the individual’s suffering ...
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Halālbi (“forgiving the deceased husband”) phenomenon is one of the types of forgiveness or asking for forgiveness which is seen in people at the time of separations in which there is little chance of meeting again such as far and dangerous journeys, or when the individual’s suffering from incurable disease or is going to the operating room. It is a kind of asking for forgiveness of abnormal behaviors, actions and cruelties from people around especially the spouse. Asking for forgiveness or forgiving at the end of the communication line between two people is a very laudable behavior which has been common in the past in our society whether in cities, villages or among nomads and still exists among people to some extent. The present paper studies the functions of a special type of forgiving the deceased man by his wife or wives in his funeral ceremony. The research conducted in Bahmaie city shows that the conditions, states, actions, communications, messages and symbols of forgiving the deceased husband has established a social defensive mechanism which plays an important role in organizing and monitoring the behavior of spouses with its secret functions, in a way that it can prevent and decrease wife abuse by men among the families of these tribes. In a nutshell, when the man dies and is put in the grave, his wife is asked to come next to or go into the grave before burying him and forgive him at the presence of everyone there. In fact, she is allowing him to be buried in his tomb. The observations in Bahmaie city of Kohkilooyeh and Boyer Ahmad Province show that this ceremony has many sociocultural functions which are mentioned in this study.
nazi noorinezhadi
Abstract
Jovak art work is one of the traditional arts and industries in Fars province and especially in Shiraz, a historical city in Iran. Unfortunately, today there are few people who have heard the name of this kind of art, and usually they confuse this kind of art which is made by putting together ...
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Jovak art work is one of the traditional arts and industries in Fars province and especially in Shiraz, a historical city in Iran. Unfortunately, today there are few people who have heard the name of this kind of art, and usually they confuse this kind of art which is made by putting together different pieces of woods with various colors with another kind of art called Khaatam. In this study, considering the role and status of Jovak art and its past records, and also interviewing with the only man who makes this kind of art work as a case study, it has been studying and investigating seriously. The methodology has been both the field and library study (historical documents and content analysis). Finally, it has been tried to find out the reasons that kept such a nice art unknown to people by referring to different investigations, studies, and documentary resources as well as to help it to be recognized by more people and prevent it to be disappeared .So some solutions are presented to promote this kind of nice art.
tahereh ghaderi; ali akbar jafariyan; nafiseh rahiminiya
Abstract
Using common methods in supplementary medicine along with the modern one has drawn the attention of many scientific circles. Development of traditional medicine and the use of common beliefs in native medicine in the modern era give us fresh impetus for discovering the cultural roots of this type of ...
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Using common methods in supplementary medicine along with the modern one has drawn the attention of many scientific circles. Development of traditional medicine and the use of common beliefs in native medicine in the modern era give us fresh impetus for discovering the cultural roots of this type of treatments and way of using them. Regarding this, the present study aims at understanding how the native medicine is redefined and used in the modern era. For this purpose and in order to conduct an accurate and scientific research, the subject is narrowed down to common beliefs about fertility and infertility in Ardestan City. Thus, 30 women from Ardestan City and the suburbs are selected via theoretical sampling. The common beliefs and methods in native medicine with regard to fertility and infertility are collected and analyzed via the qualitative method including oral history and semi-structured interviews.
sasan samanian; sareh bahmani
Abstract
Making metal objects by cold method is known as dovatgeri. Dovatgar artists used to make alchemy with delicate carvings on the bodies of silver and copper vessels and gave them a hundredfold value. Although the history of dovatgri in Shiraz goes back to the early days of this art, there are only a handful ...
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Making metal objects by cold method is known as dovatgeri. Dovatgar artists used to make alchemy with delicate carvings on the bodies of silver and copper vessels and gave them a hundredfold value. Although the history of dovatgri in Shiraz goes back to the early days of this art, there are only a handful of workshops left in this city these days. This research, which is of a basic type and was carried out by a descriptive-analytical method; In addition to the introduction of this indigenous art-industry and its types, its history, formation process and its tools and materials from the perspective of location and use; We are looking to see what is its current position among handicrafts in Shiraz. The method of data collection in this research is in the field, combined with a library and visiting the workshops active in the city of Shiraz, and the preparation of interviews, photos and films of its artists. The findings of the research show that, unfortunately, the indigenous art-industry of davatgari in Shiraz is being forgotten or rather, it is doomed to be forgotten, and the number of davatgari does not exceed the fingers of one hand, and the difficulty...
Gholam Reza Latifi; vahdan Mohammadshahri
Abstract
In order to identify and understand the native management of Kashan region in the field of water resources in contemporary times, as well as the opportunities, strategies and barriers to transition to the forethoughtful management, based on indigenous knowledge, principles of assistance and camaraderie ...
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In order to identify and understand the native management of Kashan region in the field of water resources in contemporary times, as well as the opportunities, strategies and barriers to transition to the forethoughtful management, based on indigenous knowledge, principles of assistance and camaraderie in the case study, a qualitative study was conducted through archival research and fieldwork, including interviews with five key beneficiary groups of native management, farmers, knowers, executers, trustees in district and bazaar, as well as the general public, during 2012-13. Afterwards combining documentary research, field observations during the two years traveling in the region as well as 40 days of continuous life in the studied population, along with participation in the research community and ultimately, collected approaches, through interviews and observations, the relative recognition were obtained from native management in Kashan region, especially in Neyasar. The results of the studies and observations suggest that native management of water, based on four key components, including indigenous knowledge, assistance, camaraderie and forethought. One important component of native management is indigenous knowledge; experiential knowledge is derived from the culture, values, attitude, beliefs and understanding of the people of a country towards leading issues. Participation of beneficiaries and assist them to work together to manage and organize as having more in the second component, namely assistance. The third component is camaraderie with the core concept of the values, respectful and interested that assist people to understanding and communication with each other and the environment. The fourth component is forethought, which includes attention to the needs of the present and future generations, taking advantage of the native capabilities, fairness and integrity in decisions and behaviors and ways that to achieve the forethoughtful management.
yasaman kiyasi; Mohamad Rahim Forouzeh; Seyede Zohreh Mirdeilami; Hamid Niknahad
Abstract
Indigenous knowledge has been created as centuries of human life experience in this earth and is also specific-ecosystem. "Ethnobotany" is a new extra-disciplinarily of anthropological science and technology in the field of indigenous plant-related knowledge. Khosh Yeylagh rangeland in Golestan province ...
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Indigenous knowledge has been created as centuries of human life experience in this earth and is also specific-ecosystem. "Ethnobotany" is a new extra-disciplinarily of anthropological science and technology in the field of indigenous plant-related knowledge. Khosh Yeylagh rangeland in Golestan province has been studied due to the richness of plant species. The purpose of this study is to collect data from and identify plants having been utilized by local people. Data were recorded in both interview and participatory observation at the plant habitat. The interviewees were selected by snowball method. The local names, used organs, medicinal properties and their use were recorded for all plants. In this study, plant species belonging to 17 families, with the highest number of citations, were selected. The results of this study show that out of 30 selected plant species, 17 belong to edible medicinal, 10 medicinal and 3 medicinal industrial applications. Knowing and habitat prediction of plant species was also one of the most important practical knowledge of local people in Khosh Yeylagh. They are aware of the various forms of vegetation, organ, processes, properties and methods of using plants as food, medicine, tools and shelter in their lives.
Somayeh Door; Mansoreh Ghavam
Abstract
Mummy or sweat so-called local mountain Mvmnayy to say, discharge is Qyrmanndkh gaps related fractures in the ground floors and in some caves to be found. Now this matter by the indigenous people of different regions of the city pa used as a therapeutic drug substance Mygyrd.hdf of this study is to identify ...
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Mummy or sweat so-called local mountain Mvmnayy to say, discharge is Qyrmanndkh gaps related fractures in the ground floors and in some caves to be found. Now this matter by the indigenous people of different regions of the city pa used as a therapeutic drug substance Mygyrd.hdf of this study is to identify this material is its familiarity with medicinal properties. In this regard, a study in 1394 in a city in the PA, through questionnaires completed by native speakers of the city, was carried out. The results showed that both oral and topical material that can be used in the treatment of various ailments such as broken bones, bruising and soreness, pain and improve healing of skin wounds effective. The results also show that the amount of the material smaller than in the past and therefore less used. Mummy or sweat so-called local mountain Mvmnayy to say, discharge is Qyrmanndkh gaps related d.
javad madahi; ali jahanshahiafshar; Gozal guzelstol@mail.ru
Abstract
Nowadays, the topic of food and its characteristics and functions in metaphysical context are considered as weird and without scientific proof in such a way that for most people this concept of food is only limited to halal (allowed) and haram (forbidden) and its influence on human’s health and ...
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Nowadays, the topic of food and its characteristics and functions in metaphysical context are considered as weird and without scientific proof in such a way that for most people this concept of food is only limited to halal (allowed) and haram (forbidden) and its influence on human’s health and body. Some people believe that studying food based on religion is unscientific and superstitious. However, in the viewpoint of religion, one of the main duties and responsibilities of religious leaders is to concentrate on food as a means to solve a number of cultural and social problems. What plays a significant role in religious food culture and is the central concern of this study is the attention paid by Islam to food as a symbolic system in the relationships of humans with each other and with God. Based on interpretivism and semiotics as the theoretical frameworks and thorough investigation of religious teachings by means of interview, this study was attempted to detect and represent the symbolic roles of food and dining together in Islamic food culture among people in Lalezar of Kerman. It was further aimed to indicate that the concepts Islam has induced to the society according to the symbolic roles of food are not pure theoretical ideals. Rather, food and the cloth around which people sit and eat food (Sofreh) are of the most suitable means of transferring religious concepts in Islamic culture. God and great Islamic figures have expressed the deepest humanity and religious concepts through the symbolic power of food. Concepts like humility, contentment, social links, social relations, social equality and social class equality.
Mohammad Afrough
Abstract
Hafeshjan is one of the most important centers for cutting and producing stone works (tombstones and stone lions). hafshjani stone carving artists have been engaged in this profession for generations and are now one of the active centers in the production of various types of stone works is includes a ...
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Hafeshjan is one of the most important centers for cutting and producing stone works (tombstones and stone lions). hafshjani stone carving artists have been engaged in this profession for generations and are now one of the active centers in the production of various types of stone works is includes a variety of tombstones, ritual and decorative stone lions and other functional and decorative stone volumes. this article is a field research that has been written with the aim of introducing different types of volumetric and stone works of hafshejan, examining, identifying and analyzing aesthetic aspects and knowing the reason for the formation of motifs in their context. the main question of the research is: what are the types of tombstones and stone lions of Hafshjan, the reason for their production and the aesthetic dimensions and decorative motifs of these works and what are their meanings? the findings of this study are based on field studies, some of which are: hafshejan stone works in the past included tombstones and stone lions, but today, in addition to its innovative production, various functional works (types of dishes) and decorative works (types of stone lions) are also produced. the production of lions in
Ali Shahbazi; Morteza Afshari
Abstract
Making of traditional pencil case by papier-mâché is one of the traditional arts in the Safavid and Qajar periods and today it is forgotten. Due to the preservation of Persian cultural heritage and traditional arts, it becomes necessary that be done the analytical study of making of traditional ...
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Making of traditional pencil case by papier-mâché is one of the traditional arts in the Safavid and Qajar periods and today it is forgotten. Due to the preservation of Persian cultural heritage and traditional arts, it becomes necessary that be done the analytical study of making of traditional sliding pencil case by papier-mâché (paper adhesive layer) with emphasis on wood formwork method and replace another method from its scientific and technical aspect. Purpose is to know the methods of making traditional sliding pencil case by papier-mâché (paper adhesive layer). Question include: - How did the ancients done in the molding stage of making traditional sliding pencil case and what other method can be offered for this stage today? In research, library, documentary and experimental information have been studied with descriptive-analytical approach. Results show that by replacing the molding with Styrofoam instead of wooden molds, it is easy to design and make traditional pencil case by papier-mâché. The papier-mâché is a method of recycling waste paper that plays an important role in preservation of environment healthy and the craftsmen consciously used every opportunity to create artworks.
nader piri ardekani
Abstract
Bukan in Iranian architecture has several applications. Geography and environment determine bukan’s structure. In Yazd province, according to geographical location, bukans are divided into several categories. Each of these types of bukans is based on its functional structure in the heart of the ...
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Bukan in Iranian architecture has several applications. Geography and environment determine bukan’s structure. In Yazd province, according to geographical location, bukans are divided into several categories. Each of these types of bukans is based on its functional structure in the heart of the earth. The shepherds' bukans, according to the temporary nature and just keeping the livestock, have their own specific structure. Perhaps the shepherd did not benefit from it for several months and then migrated to another place due to the lack of forage in the plain. Human bukans, dating back to history, are usually excavated on the edge of the rivers. These types of bukans have a better architecture because of the location of human settlements. In this article, due to the fact that our approach is the bukans of the Qatqans, we have studied more in this subject. Although in terms of the physical and functional nature of the bukans of Qantas can be considered a kind of residence. But due to the temporary residence of these spaces, there are a number of specific architectural requirements and features that are discussed in this article. It goes without saying that some rural qanats or qanats with a long stream been used for pre-utilization and for living for days when the moqanians work in qanat. The shepherd's bukan and moqanians bukan are among the most prominent cases in the city of Ardakan, Yazd, which are discussed in this article as appropriate.
Indigenous Knowledge
alireza shahhosseini
Abstract
One of the ways to strengthen agricultural land is to fertilize with animal and mineral fertilizers. This fertilization has made agricultural lands maintain their fertility without using chemical fertilizers. Therefore, in this article, the information of farmers and gardeners in different areas of Semnan ...
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One of the ways to strengthen agricultural land is to fertilize with animal and mineral fertilizers. This fertilization has made agricultural lands maintain their fertility without using chemical fertilizers. Therefore, in this article, the information of farmers and gardeners in different areas of Semnan province has been documented by the field method. In addition, in this research, all kinds of animal manures, including cow, sheep, camel, donkey, pigeon and chicken manure, which are known to be suitable for all kinds of agricultural and garden crops, have been collected. In the following, human manure, animal waste, green manure and the role of floods in strengthening and improving the quality of land are discussed. The studied areas were Abrasej of Shahroud, Armian of Miami, Garmsar plain, Hablerood and Semnan. The results show that the animal manures used based on the experiences of farmers have strengthened and enriched the land without harming it.
Indigenous Knowledge
samaneh kakavand
Abstract
In 1930, the Etemad Carpet Company was founded in Qazvin, Iran, and by the end of its 11-year run, it had transformed the city’s long carpet-making tradition. This article explores the hallmarks of Etemad carpets in the historical context in which the company operated. Analyzing the designs of ...
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In 1930, the Etemad Carpet Company was founded in Qazvin, Iran, and by the end of its 11-year run, it had transformed the city’s long carpet-making tradition. This article explores the hallmarks of Etemad carpets in the historical context in which the company operated. Analyzing the designs of the Etemad carpets in the Qazvin Museum suggests that although the company’s weavers came from all across the country, Etemad carpets remained consistently unique and innovative in their designs. Conducted as descriptive-analytical research, the study looked at written sources as well as archival pictures of Etemad carpets, and interviewed experts and scholars. It found that variety in design, colors, and motifs was the chief characteristic of Etemad carpets. The carpet designs featured innovative floral and abstract motifs, had little empty areas, and dominated their backgrounds. The use of a diverse set of floral motifs — including round flowers, Shah Abbasi flowers, leaves, buds, and arabesques — and various design compositions brought variety to Etemad carpets. Furthermore, the designs were visibly influenced by the native climate, featuring grape leaves and pistachio flower clusters, which represented two of Qazvin’s major crops. Khataee motifs were more frequent than arabesques across all the studied Etemad carpets,
mansoreh Ghavam; Hadiseh Jeyhoni; sedigheh kiyani salmi
Abstract
Tendency toward using medicinal plants have been made pervasive. This research studies the knowledge, attitudes and the usage of medicinal plant among people in Nain city. The data collecting tool was a 19-item research-made questionnaire. Its validity was proofed by experts and its reliability was confirmed ...
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Tendency toward using medicinal plants have been made pervasive. This research studies the knowledge, attitudes and the usage of medicinal plant among people in Nain city. The data collecting tool was a 19-item research-made questionnaire. Its validity was proofed by experts and its reliability was confirmed by using Cronbach's alpha of 695/0. Sample size of 378 was determined based on Cochran formula. The questionnaire was distributed randomly and data gathering conducted in 1394. The software SPSS22 was used for analytical data analysis. The highest Indications were: abdominal pain (67%), chills (1.65%), stress (29%), breast disease pain (22%), skin diseases (3%) and ants with most application were flixweed (71%), borage (50%), chamomile (39%), Ginger (23%) Vbvmadran (11%). According to the findings of the investigation, the most important reasons for using medicinal plants were less side effects (75%) and a better result (76%) comparing chemical medicine. The results of this study, shows that higher consumption of medicinal plants has better results and fewer side effects than chemical medicine, thus informing the population about the possible effects seems necessary.
Khadijeh Bouzarjomehri; hassanali .jahantigh
Abstract
Indigenous agriculture is one of the new strategies for the development of local communities, which plays an important role in the production and improvement of local livelihoods due to its adaptability to the environmental, social and economic conditions of local communities. The cultivation of Jaliz ...
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Indigenous agriculture is one of the new strategies for the development of local communities, which plays an important role in the production and improvement of local livelihoods due to its adaptability to the environmental, social and economic conditions of local communities. The cultivation of Jaliz lake in the Sistan region is an example of indigenous agriculture, which has been responsible for the livelihood of a large number of inhabitants of the region and is very similar to organic farming. Descriptive-analytical research method and documentary and field information have been gathered. The qualitative and quantitative methods of direct observation and organized interview and questionnaire have been used. The statistical population includes 37 farmers from 12 villages of Sistan region. The results of the research show that the villagers have devoted about 12 hectares of lake land to the cultivation of melon in the time of drought in the lake, and they do not use any other inputs except seed and care at the stage. Based on their indigenous knowledge and experience, Jalizar manufactures organic products that do not harm the environment while increasing their income. The T single-sample test, with an average of 3.30, also showed that this cultivation had a significant effect On the livelihood of villagers in the region.
Mohammad Afrough
Abstract
This article is the result of a field activity and is associated with the carpet of Qashqai's Nazem design. which has been completed in the camps of Cheshmeh Rahman and Gol Afshan in the city of Semirom in Isfahan province. the nazem design is one of the most prominent designs among the various types ...
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This article is the result of a field activity and is associated with the carpet of Qashqai's Nazem design. which has been completed in the camps of Cheshmeh Rahman and Gol Afshan in the city of Semirom in Isfahan province. the nazem design is one of the most prominent designs among the various types of designs in qashqai architecture which is woven today with a different approach and structure from the past in the qashqai geography from Fars province to south of Isfahan (Semirom).the process of settlement of qashqai tribes leads to a change in lifestyle and fundamental changes in quantitative and qualitative production, application and structure of qashqai woven, in particular the carpet of the nazem design in the technological dimension and aesthetic dimension.these dimensions will be investigated and analyzed in this study. the type of research is fundamental and research method is descriptive-analytical.the way information is gathered is predominantly fieldwork. findings of the research indicate is that lifestyle changes from nomad to settlement have a great influence on the production of nomadic wool and especially the carpets of the nazim design. so that the weaving the mental process have given Place herself to weave by pattern and raster map. the size of the carpet of nazem design is smaller than the past and elements of the original structure of the design (altar like space, half cedars,tree of thousand flowers- central of flower pot and flowers and leaves spread and saucer shape) has undergone fundamental changes.
Mohsen Ebrahimi; Mehrdad Arabestani
Abstract
Fishing has been one of the most important sources of livelihood among the coastal societies of the Persian Gulf, and seafood constitutes a major food source of the people. The people apply different techniques of fishing among them; Gargur is the most common and is deeply rooted in the organic relationship ...
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Fishing has been one of the most important sources of livelihood among the coastal societies of the Persian Gulf, and seafood constitutes a major food source of the people. The people apply different techniques of fishing among them; Gargur is the most common and is deeply rooted in the organic relationship between the people and the environment. Through looking at this fishing method as a “total social fact,” this article intends to study this technique, the production of its tool (Gargur), and the cultural and social relationships that are formed around this fishing method. On the other hand, increasing the application of industrial fishing methods such as trawling caused considerable damage to sea resources and led to unsustainable development. The article also intends to investigate the ways of increasing the efficacy of Gargur fishing and promote it as a sustainable alternative to industrial fishing in order to, at least, reduce the unfavorable effects of industrial fishing such as trawling.
Amirabbas Karimi
Abstract
Throughout the history, Zagros, along with its mountains and hillsides has been the living place of those tending to rebellion and would not desire bending against bullies and governments. One of the tribes that had lived and still live in this mountain and the southern west of Iran up to the Persian ...
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Throughout the history, Zagros, along with its mountains and hillsides has been the living place of those tending to rebellion and would not desire bending against bullies and governments. One of the tribes that had lived and still live in this mountain and the southern west of Iran up to the Persian Gulf is the Lor tribe whose past lifestyle had been mainly nomadic proper to the nature of mountain and the manner of their living and has ancient experiences and special enrichment of the traditions of antecedents quoted heart to heart. This includes an era when there were no current communication facilities, the manner of communication and information exchange remotely that had urgency had been shouting where the oral experience of the elderly and the writings of the author and the experience and observation of the writer has been used. Regarding the geographical situation and the mountainous nature of the Lor inhabiting region of Boyer Ahmad and Mamasani, it is attempted to speak of the manner and type of the audio communication of shouting, being a traditional phenomenon and one of the special means of nomadic life and the results obtained is a step towards the recognition of a part of the enriched culture of this tribe that is manifested in their daily lives.
hossein mohammadzadeh; elahe Ghobadi; yaqhob ahmadi
Abstract
The process of death and jeremiad in the Shojai Abad villageAbstrats:Death is unliveness. At another word live meaningful enverse death.death during history and live were along humans and busy his subjectivity for every time. Death cause of pain, discomfort, miss, sorrow, intention, ceremony and jeremiad.the ...
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The process of death and jeremiad in the Shojai Abad villageAbstrats:Death is unliveness. At another word live meaningful enverse death.death during history and live were along humans and busy his subjectivity for every time. Death cause of pain, discomfort, miss, sorrow, intention, ceremony and jeremiad.the ceremony of death is different in variouse context. Jeremiad as known as literature genre. Death in every societies along with ceremony and jeremiad. The goal of this study is prosess of death and jeremiad in Shojai Abad (A village in Kurdistan provice). Data collected by interview with men and women via participated observer and related document. Data shows during death and then people doing a serial ceremony and elegy especially by women. Women elegy for husband, father, her boy, mother and siter and dauther. The theme of this text related to the tearaway, lonely, protest a gainst numen and nature, jilt world, unable off death, unhappy and so on.
