Indigenous Knowledge of Iran

Abstract Neglecting basic urban ecological indicators leads to a reduction in resilience to changing environmental conditions. Ancient socio-ecological systems are the result of several millennia of interventions in the landscape and a valuable repository of successful and unsuccessful experiences that can act as a stimulus or deterrent to decisions in future planning processes. This study aims to deduce the ecological wisdom principles and rules governing wind flow corridors and to present structural-functional strategies in the ecological networks of ancient desert cities (Yazd as a case study) to promote resilience. The research method based on the analysis of the content reviews the importance of ecological corridors in promoting urban resilience, deduces the ecological wisdom principles, recognizes the ecological wisdom principles and rules governing wind flow networks with exploratory analysis in the city of Yazd, in three scales: macro (urban-suburban), mezzo (neighborhood) and micro (building). The results indicate that structural-functional patterns, positioning and orientation, proportions and geometric order, connections, texture, and color of construction materials, structural-functional diversity, and structural-functional composition in wind flow corridors and regeneration strategies based on ecological wisdom in access networks and urban corridors are important in creating ecological networks and promoting urban resilience.

Abstract In the nomadic weaves, although the functional aspect was intended, its aesthetic aspect with a variety of native motifs, resulting from the birth of personal and collective beliefs, it is more prominent and as if the woven were a space for arousal, representation of imagination and emotion. the horse's face is a representation of the nomadic weaving, and in particular the Qashqai, which provides a space for design and motif creation and companion native and natural colors are provided by the weaver. in this article, while briefly describing and introducing Qashqai woven fabrics, various types of horse coverings and ornaments, nomadic gullies, and in particular gashqai gullies in terms of weaving technique, structure and aesthetic dimensions, introducing, describing, and analyzing, 24 cover of horse were selected as the sample for this process. the results of the present study indicate that the cover of horse structure of all regions of Iran, regardless of some exceptions, follows a general form. while most of them are related to carpet weaving techniques woven has been with the carpet weaving technique ghalibori (Turkmennaghsh) or Gol Barjaste this

Abstract Human from the past to the present in many ways to survive and improve their quality of life are dependent on plants of different ways. Ethnobotany .The aim of this study is to comprehensively study the Ethnobotany of wild plants in Bestam region in Lorestan province from the Zagros forest. The human community studied in this study is the residents of Cheshmeh Bid and Cheshmeh Saleh villages of Selseleh County in Lorestan province. The research method used in this ethnobotany study was ethnography method. Data collection tools included direct observation, participant observation, and semi-structured interviews. The results show that 119 plant species belonging to 41 plant families have been identified by the villagers. The results show that 119 plant species belonging to 41 plant families have been identified by informants. The results indicate that the knowledge and application of plants has been very diverse. Knowledge and uses include 58 species (48.7%) for edible use, 42 species (35.3%) for fodder use, 32 species (26.9%) for medicinal use and 16 species (16.8%) for tools and handicrafts have been used. The study demonstrated the knowledge and application of a variety of plants that generally provide the security of livelihood and their health.

Abstract In this article, we aim to emphasis on the significance of the local knowledge in better understanding the cultural remains along with their conservation. Thus, in order to complete our knowledge on the ancient site of Harrireh, located in the northern part of Kish Island, and comprehend some collected data more wisely, the interview with local people has been in priority in this research, and then forms the main content. This is a qualitative research, and methodologically, collecting information is based on archaeological fieldwork, analyzing the old aerial imagery, semi-structured interview, and study of the textual evidence. This research used Value Based Management approach in conservation and cultural heritage management of Harireh and focused on local knowledge of people who live in Kish Island in order to better understanding of some of the cultural remains where they have received less attention. The possible function of the identified canal near the beach of Harrireh in fieldwork was realized by local knowledge. The storeroom of date, the remains of pinctata fucat, and the dry ficus benghalensis trunk are the other data which figuring out their function were based on the local's comprehensive knowledge and experience.

Abstract The process of death and jeremiad in the Shojai Abad village
Abstrats:
Death is unliveness. At another word live meaningful enverse death.death during history and live were along humans and busy his subjectivity for every time. Death cause of pain, discomfort, miss, sorrow, intention, ceremony and jeremiad.the ceremony of death is different in variouse context. Jeremiad as known as literature genre. Death in every societies along with ceremony and jeremiad. The goal of this study is prosess of death and jeremiad in Shojai Abad (A village in Kurdistan provice). Data collected by interview with men and women via participated observer and related document. Data shows during death and then people doing a serial ceremony and elegy especially by women. Women elegy for husband, father, her boy, mother and siter and dauther. The theme of this text related to the tearaway, lonely, protest a gainst numen and nature, jilt world, unable off death, unhappy and so on.

Abstract This paper aims to identify, describe and analyze the effective factors in creating visual order in Jiroft soapstone works based on documentary studies and with the aim of identifying different types of painted works. Accordingly, the authors try to answer the question with documentary studies and descriptive-analytical method in order to answer the question: Artist or craftsman of Halilrood archaeological site, heir or founder of which artistic experience? Since the designs performed on these works are ultimately designed and executed in beauty, balance, fit and balance, it can be assumed that their creators, in addition to being aware of the artistic application of lines and designs, also have little knowledge of visual knowledge and basics in the field. Findings show that engineering and visual understanding of elements at the level of objects, in the direction of structural interaction of their line and role, and achieving unity in works of art has been one of the most important goals of their construction. The artist / craftsman of Halilrood has a relatively clear knowledge of his work as a work of art and has tried to create a relationship between design and background, perspective, diversity and statism by repeating figures and elements.

Abstract Since many years ago when the exact time is not available, pottery has flourished in the Lar region, which includes the cities of Lar. The pottery objects of this region are made with the aim of meeting the essential needs of daily life, but today, with the change of people's taste and the use of industrial alternatives, a large number of old pottery are not made. Therefore, it seems necessary to take action for preserving and recording this art.
This research by considering of questions such as how pottery is practiced in Lar today and what forms, motifs and applications are included? deal with technological features, introduction of pottery works in the region, tools, decorations, introduction of active potters, common dialects and terms related to pottery profession of this region and finally presenting of important works of culture and pottery of this region. The results of the research indicate that in the past, forms such as ghumb, chehel-o-chahar gushe, wine hookahs, etc.

Abstract Watermills are considered valuable treasures of Iranian indigenous and cultural knowledge. Due to the climatic conditions of this land, the people of the past have tried to make maximum use of water energy by building water structures. Therefore, watermills that have used the knowledge of water engineering, mechanics, and architecture, have been used in different parts of Iran since ancient times. One of these water structures is Qutbiyeh Mill in Sirjan city, identified and studied during archaeological field activities in 2019. The purpose of this article is to introduce and study the Qotbiyeh water mill in Sirjan plain to gain a proper understanding of its performance and architecture analysis. The questions of this research are as follows: Qutbiyeh water mill belongs to which type of water mills in Iran? What were the components and the architectural structure of this mill? The present study was conducted by descriptive-analytical method, and its data were collected based on field studies and literature. The results showed that the Sirjan Qotbiyeh water mill was a furnace watermill, working with the water of the Qotbiyeh qanat, and its architectural structure included a complete set of different main and side spaces surrounded by a circular defensive wall.

Abstract Studying Bakhtiari culture and folk literature, is a way to gain local knowledge about their handicrafts. "Bokele" is a one of handicrafts, that its production knowledge has been almost forgotten. Therefore, the aim of this study is preserving the production knowledge of the Bokele crock and its reproduction and recording the popular culture related to the mentioned in the folk literature of Bakhtiari people. The research method in this article was field research and presence on site along with data collection through interviews, observation and recording of information by photography. a number of women produce Bokele by hand and with the root of local plant "Lowva". The presence of the Bokele mentioned among the local poems and proverbs indicates its long history in the culture and tradition of Bakhtiaries. This crock is water-soluble, and therefore, it can be reconsidered and reused as a tool for greater human interaction with the environment.