Indigenous Knowledge
Samera Salimpour Abkenar; Amir Anvari Moghaddam
Abstract
Traditional spinning and weaving have been formed following the climatic, material, and spiritual needs of different relatives. Generally, the natural resources of each region are selected as the first option for the production of hand-woven textiles. This research introduces a valuable plant resource ...
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Traditional spinning and weaving have been formed following the climatic, material, and spiritual needs of different relatives. Generally, the natural resources of each region are selected as the first option for the production of hand-woven textiles. This research introduces a valuable plant resource called "Malleh cotton", which has been revived and re-cultivated in the Khosf of South Khorasan. Malleh cotton is a kind of soft and brown cotton, which is considered "blessed and holy" by local residents due to its warming properties in winter. The purpose is to preserve the intangible cultural heritage of "the cultivation, traditional spinning, and weaving of Malleh cotton". The most important question of this study is: what is the structural difference between Malleh and white cotton? In order to find a suitable answer to the mentioned question, conventional FTIR and XRD analyses have been used. The research method is based on field studies, interviews, and published documents. The results show that the cultivation method of Malleh is similar to white cotton and it is possible to spin and weave it in a completely manual and traditional method.
Indigenous Knowledge
ammar ahmadi; Vahid Rashidvash; Yaqub Sharbatian; ali Baseri; Mohammad Hadi Mansour Lakoraj
Abstract
The main objective of present research is to explore indigenous knowledge of traditional medicine within the beliefs of people, particularly rural women in the village of Alni, Meshkin Shahr. The methodology employed in this study is Malinowski's simultaneous analysis, interpreting narrative interviews ...
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The main objective of present research is to explore indigenous knowledge of traditional medicine within the beliefs of people, particularly rural women in the village of Alni, Meshkin Shahr. The methodology employed in this study is Malinowski's simultaneous analysis, interpreting narrative interviews through the hermeneutic method. In essence, these narratives serve as spoken documents, anthropologically analyzed and interpreted through hermeneutics. The distinctive contribution of this research lies in its scarcity, addressing the fundamental concern of the research team regarding the limited research output in the realm of indigenous knowledge of traditional medicine in Iran's rural communities. The outcome of this research underscores the development of the traditional medicine industry within the framework of its indigenous knowledge, contributing to addressing tourism-related issues and attracting tourism to rural areas, notably the village of Alni in Meshkin Shahr. Another pivotal consideration is the realization of economic benefits and social well-being for rural families, a crucial factor impacting the social fabric of this village.
Indigenous Knowledge
alinaghi gooya; hossein barani; ahmad Abedi Sarvestani
Abstract
Abstracthe aim of this research is to identify the indigenous knowledge of camel husbandry in the territory of Kalkuyee nomads in Masileh plain of Qom province, who have a long history of camel husbandry in this region. The way of obtaining the data is in the field with the continuous presence of the ...
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Abstracthe aim of this research is to identify the indigenous knowledge of camel husbandry in the territory of Kalkuyee nomads in Masileh plain of Qom province, who have a long history of camel husbandry in this region. The way of obtaining the data is in the field with the continuous presence of the tribes of the Kalkuyee tribe in the form of interview (question and answer), observation, filming and photography during three years. Also, in addition to individual interviews with native camel herders and nomadic experts, group interviews were also used in order to collect data and gain knowledge about the local knowledge of camel herders. The information has been classified based on convergence and divergence. The findings include indigenous knowledge related to naming, marking, the position of camels, characteristics of good camels, and reproduction among nomads of Kalkuyee tribe. The results of the research in the territory of Kalkuyee nomads showed that they have local knowledge and extensive work experience in camel husbandry. From the local knowledge of camel herders, we come to the conclusion that camel herding has long been a traditional and cultural activity with specific regional characteristics, and with camel herding and traditional life,
Indigenous Knowledge
Mozhgan Khanmoradi; nahid azizi
Abstract
Bisotun plain is located in the west of Iran and many historical monuments from Pre-history to Islamic era have been identified in it. Man's understanding of nature showed itself in the construction of Bisotun Zagehs. The Zagheh was built in the villages of Zolm abad sofla, Bisotun, Kori zageh, Baqerabad ...
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Bisotun plain is located in the west of Iran and many historical monuments from Pre-history to Islamic era have been identified in it. Man's understanding of nature showed itself in the construction of Bisotun Zagehs. The Zagheh was built in the villages of Zolm abad sofla, Bisotun, Kori zageh, Baqerabad and Zaloab. This research aims to answer the above fundamental questions: In which period did the construction of troglodytic architecture begin in Bisotun and how long did their use continue? What were the components and architectural structure of these handholds?. The results of the research show that based on the available evidence in the Bisotun Plain, during the Qajar and Pahlavi periods, the construction of zagheh in the form of handstands was common under village houses and in connection with the village fabric. These underground spaces with an almost similar plan have spaces such as sloping entrances, central space, side spaces, and ventilation, and were used by the villagers of the region to keep livestock in the autumn to early spring seasons. The size and number of spaces depended on the owner's economic status, topographical conditions, the type of soil in the area, and the proximity to empty spaces.
Yaghoub Iranmanesh; Pourhashemi Mehdi; Hasan Jahanbazi Goujani; Mahmoud Talebi; Fariborz Azizi
Abstract
Indigenous knowledge is the accumulated knowledge, skills, and techniques of a particular community that results from their direct interaction with the environment that should be respected as a source of environmental knowledge. Indigenous knowledge is an important part of the life of local forest communities ...
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Indigenous knowledge is the accumulated knowledge, skills, and techniques of a particular community that results from their direct interaction with the environment that should be respected as a source of environmental knowledge. Indigenous knowledge is an important part of the life of local forest communities and plays an important role in their lives. In this research we tried to record the indiginous knoeledge of gum extraction of wild pistachio in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province. Snowball sampling method was used to collect information. Data were recorded using semi-structured interviews and by writing information, video recording of events, and taking pictures. Information was analyzed by editing documents, integrating, transforming and highlighting information. The results of this study showed that the local people consider the pistachio tree as an economic plant and strongly avoid from cutting and damaging it, and even try to protect and develop it. Gum is the important byproduct of pistachio tree and gum extraction takes place in different stages including tree selection, rifting, put the bowl, double and triple rifting, purification and cooking the gum. Medicinal use of gum is the most common use of this product. Local resident believe to the technical and principled use of pistachio trees.
Indigenous Knowledge
Morteza Salemi Ghamsari
Abstract
Abstract
Based on the evidences and documents left from ancient Iran, the art of dyeing and carpet weaving has been common in Iran since the past, and in the contemporary period, one of the most important centers of carpet weaving and dyeing in Iran is Isfahan province and Nain city. Nain carpet ...
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Abstract
Based on the evidences and documents left from ancient Iran, the art of dyeing and carpet weaving has been common in Iran since the past, and in the contemporary period, one of the most important centers of carpet weaving and dyeing in Iran is Isfahan province and Nain city. Nain carpet is very famous, because it is one of the brightest manifestations of the use of natural and traditional colors, and it owes a large part of its fame to this quality. Dyeing in this area is done with natural and traditional colors, which is slightly different from other carpet weaving centers that have traditional dyeing, and despite some chemical dyes that are used as an auxiliary, natural color are still dominant in the area. In this article, the traditional dyeing in the historical village of Jeshvaqan, which is located 40 km from Nain, is discussed. Until about 50 years ago, this village had 12 active traditional dyeing units and the main fame of this village was due to its dyeing units, but now with the closure of some workshops, there are 6 dyeing workshops in this village that one of them is half closed. This article has been done in the field. This craft requires more attention from provincial and regional authorities.
Amirreza Amrollahi; Mohamad Rahim Forouzeh; Hossein Barani; Hassan Yeganeh
Abstract
Indigenous knowledge as a part of any nation’s culture, has been acquired through experience and gradually become a part of the culture and society. The correct use of this knowledge can lead to endogenous development. Ethnobotany, as a sub branch of indigenous knowledge, investigates the way people ...
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Indigenous knowledge as a part of any nation’s culture, has been acquired through experience and gradually become a part of the culture and society. The correct use of this knowledge can lead to endogenous development. Ethnobotany, as a sub branch of indigenous knowledge, investigates the way people of a particular ethnic, culture, or region make use of native plants. The aim of this study was to introduce edible and medicinal plants used by Googhar local people. For this purpose, during the summer 2019 and spring 2020, edible and medicinal plants used in the region were identified. The information was collected in the form of free interviews, semi-structured interviews and participatory observation. Interviews were conducted purposefully with local experts. Totally, 36 plant species, with the extensive knowledge of local people, were identified in edible and medicinal uses. This knowledge includes the identification of plants, appropriate time of harvest, organs used, medicinal and edible properties, how to use, as well as plant ecology. The results show that leaves have the most edible and medicinal uses. Edible and medicinal plants in forms of cooked and raw have the most consumption, and the most medicinal use includes treatment of gastrointestinal diseases.
Ahmad Bazgir; Pourhashemi Mehdi
Abstract
Human from the past to the present in many ways to survive and improve their quality of life are dependent on plants of different ways. Ethnobotany .The aim of this study is to comprehensively study the Ethnobotany of wild plants in Bestam region in Lorestan province from the Zagros forest. The human ...
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Human from the past to the present in many ways to survive and improve their quality of life are dependent on plants of different ways. Ethnobotany .The aim of this study is to comprehensively study the Ethnobotany of wild plants in Bestam region in Lorestan province from the Zagros forest. The human community studied in this study is the residents of Cheshmeh Bid and Cheshmeh Saleh villages of Selseleh County in Lorestan province. The research method used in this ethnobotany study was ethnography method. Data collection tools included direct observation, participant observation, and semi-structured interviews. The results show that 119 plant species belonging to 41 plant families have been identified by the villagers. The results show that 119 plant species belonging to 41 plant families have been identified by informants. The results indicate that the knowledge and application of plants has been very diverse. Knowledge and uses include 58 species (48.7%) for edible use, 42 species (35.3%) for fodder use, 32 species (26.9%) for medicinal use and 16 species (16.8%) for tools and handicrafts have been used. The study demonstrated the knowledge and application of a variety of plants that generally provide the security of livelihood and their health.
Gholam Reza Latifi; vahdan Mohammadshahri
Abstract
In order to identify and understand the native management of Kashan region in the field of water resources in contemporary times, as well as the opportunities, strategies and barriers to transition to the forethoughtful management, based on indigenous knowledge, principles of assistance and camaraderie ...
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In order to identify and understand the native management of Kashan region in the field of water resources in contemporary times, as well as the opportunities, strategies and barriers to transition to the forethoughtful management, based on indigenous knowledge, principles of assistance and camaraderie in the case study, a qualitative study was conducted through archival research and fieldwork, including interviews with five key beneficiary groups of native management, farmers, knowers, executers, trustees in district and bazaar, as well as the general public, during 2012-13. Afterwards combining documentary research, field observations during the two years traveling in the region as well as 40 days of continuous life in the studied population, along with participation in the research community and ultimately, collected approaches, through interviews and observations, the relative recognition were obtained from native management in Kashan region, especially in Neyasar. The results of the studies and observations suggest that native management of water, based on four key components, including indigenous knowledge, assistance, camaraderie and forethought. One important component of native management is indigenous knowledge; experiential knowledge is derived from the culture, values, attitude, beliefs and understanding of the people of a country towards leading issues. Participation of beneficiaries and assist them to work together to manage and organize as having more in the second component, namely assistance. The third component is camaraderie with the core concept of the values, respectful and interested that assist people to understanding and communication with each other and the environment. The fourth component is forethought, which includes attention to the needs of the present and future generations, taking advantage of the native capabilities, fairness and integrity in decisions and behaviors and ways that to achieve the forethoughtful management.
Mohammad Ebrahim Banihabib
Abstract
In arid and semi-arid areas, water shortage leads people to the creation of traditional water management appropriate to local characteristics. Iran is one of the oldest civilizations of the world that has a unique water supply system according to social, cultural and climate condition. Indigenous ...
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In arid and semi-arid areas, water shortage leads people to the creation of traditional water management appropriate to local characteristics. Iran is one of the oldest civilizations of the world that has a unique water supply system according to social, cultural and climate condition. Indigenous knowledge-based management systems were replaced with modern management systems, and due to non-compliance modern technologies with social and environmental conditions of region, many problems have been created. The purpose of this paper was to combine traditional and modern governance rules for development of groundwater governance framework in order to achieve sustainable development. In fact, the use of culture and indigenous knowledge in the field of water resources management and retrieval new issues from new theories of governance can be the missing piece of groundwater management.In this research, the comparison of scientific documents and field observation were used to extract indigenous knowledge of sustainable groundwater governance from aqueducts management. For this purpose, at first we introduced modern system in water governance and then compared common factors with traditional governance to provide a groundwater governance framework adapted to arid and semi-arid regions. Finally, the gaps of traditional governance can be covered by combining with the principles of effective governance and then a management system adapted to climate condition.Dealing effectively with the challenges of the present era and providing appropriate development patterns will be achieved by combining indigenous knowledge with modern management.
Mohsen Badreh; Hamed Sajjadi; Mohammad Reza Farzaneh
Abstract
Constructing and using water systems and the indigenous knowledge associated with them are among the pivotal components of local communities, manifesting the convergent correlation of human life and Mother Nature. Practically, the purpose of this convergence was to realize human needs according ...
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Constructing and using water systems and the indigenous knowledge associated with them are among the pivotal components of local communities, manifesting the convergent correlation of human life and Mother Nature. Practically, the purpose of this convergence was to realize human needs according to a careful understanding of natural limitations which ends to formulation of a system of meanings and rituals related water using styles. As a historical water-storing construction, Burka maintains strong similarities with other traditional water-storing structures in other parts of Iran while remaining particularities due to the geographical and cultural conditions of Qeshm Island. Relying on a realistic ethnography method, and after selection of 18 urban and rural regions in the island as its field, this study used both deep and focus-group interviews with more than 80 persons of local informants along with participative observation and survey of related published documents to collect and analyze the data regarding this traditional knowledge. Finally, this study led to a thick description of the indigenous knowledge regarding construction, maintenance and utilizing Burkas and functional-ritual values around them. Wise techniques of spotting the best location for harvesting the best quality rain water and building the Burka according to a technical intelligent architecture and then channeling the stream to the sediment pool and then transmitting it to a deep covered basin (constructing), constant solidarity of local communities through subtle mores (maintenance), and frugality and contentment in using water according to priorities (utilizing) are prominent components of this indigenous knowledge.
yasaman kiyasi; Mohamad Rahim Forouzeh; Seyede Zohreh Mirdeilami; Hamid Niknahad
Abstract
Indigenous knowledge has been created as centuries of human life experience in this earth and is also specific-ecosystem. "Ethnobotany" is a new extra-disciplinarily of anthropological science and technology in the field of indigenous plant-related knowledge. Khosh Yeylagh rangeland in Golestan province ...
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Indigenous knowledge has been created as centuries of human life experience in this earth and is also specific-ecosystem. "Ethnobotany" is a new extra-disciplinarily of anthropological science and technology in the field of indigenous plant-related knowledge. Khosh Yeylagh rangeland in Golestan province has been studied due to the richness of plant species. The purpose of this study is to collect data from and identify plants having been utilized by local people. Data were recorded in both interview and participatory observation at the plant habitat. The interviewees were selected by snowball method. The local names, used organs, medicinal properties and their use were recorded for all plants. In this study, plant species belonging to 17 families, with the highest number of citations, were selected. The results of this study show that out of 30 selected plant species, 17 belong to edible medicinal, 10 medicinal and 3 medicinal industrial applications. Knowing and habitat prediction of plant species was also one of the most important practical knowledge of local people in Khosh Yeylagh. They are aware of the various forms of vegetation, organ, processes, properties and methods of using plants as food, medicine, tools and shelter in their lives.
hosain kaffash; mostafa taleshi; hosain rahimi
Abstract
Models of rural development in the country, most of the imported versions, have been neglected by the "indigenous knowledge"of rural communities. Indigenous knowledge is a collection of skills and techniques, a knowledge that includes all the characteristics and sustainability of development. One of ...
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Models of rural development in the country, most of the imported versions, have been neglected by the "indigenous knowledge"of rural communities. Indigenous knowledge is a collection of skills and techniques, a knowledge that includes all the characteristics and sustainability of development. One of the most important rural organizations, is the "traditional irrigation system", which managed to manage the water resources of the centuries with the use of "indigenous knowledge". The main question is whether indigenous knowledge can be used as a sustainable model in the Conditions of the water crisis. This research has examined the local knowledge of traditional irrigation in the city of Bojistan by descriptive-analytical method. The method of data collection, field and library, and villages over 100 households in the city have been studied for the sustainability of water resources. The results of the research showed that the use of indigenous knowledge in water resources management has been able to minimize the problems caused by seasonal changes in temperature and its impact on the water resources deficit in the research area. This approach to water resources sustains the participation of villagers in traditional irrigation systems, and a network interconnected by human factors (agricultural council, Moallefan, kayyal, Joybanan, Moghanian and Motorban)and conventional irrigation organizations (changes in irrigation circuits throughout the year, spatial changes, and Time split and combination of triangular aqueducts). Research indicates that "indigenous knowledge"is a lost circle of sustainable rural development,which,if utilized with "modern knowledge",while empowering rural communities, provides the background for their partnership and development
Morvarid Hosseini; Mohamad Rahim Forouzeh; Hossein Barani
Abstract
One method used to answer the human concerns in modern society is referring to the empirical knowledge of the past and using the wisdom of the local people's historical knowledge. Among this valuable knowledge, indigenous knowledge is unique in identifying edible plants and their consumption practices ...
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One method used to answer the human concerns in modern society is referring to the empirical knowledge of the past and using the wisdom of the local people's historical knowledge. Among this valuable knowledge, indigenous knowledge is unique in identifying edible plants and their consumption practices in local communities. Therefore, the present study aimed to identify and document the ethnobotany of edible plants in Zebarkhan rangelands located in Razavi Khorasan province. In this study, the traditional beliefs and knowledge of the people about plants were collected in the form of free interviews, participatory observation and continuous presence in 2017-2018. Snowball and purposive sampling were done in order to select participants. The questions posed with the focus on the local names, vegetative forms, methods of harvesting, the organ used, consumption, and plants attributes. The interviews were then continued until the repetitive responses would confirm the reliability and validity of the interview. Finally, the information were classified, analyzed and the key concepts were extracted based on the goal of research.The findings showed that except for the provision of annual food and medical supplies, most of the identified species consisted of multifunctional medicinal and livestock usage and they were also involved with the provision of the livelihood of the residents through collection and sale or forage livestock. The results and findings of this research can be used as a basis for future research on the development of nutrition knowledge and management of rangelands through the improvement and revival with edible and medicinal plants.
mohsen mirjaniarjenan; reza rezaloo; Karim Hajizadeh Bastani; Alireza Sardari Zarchi
Abstract
producing of black style pottery in Al-Muzaffar period was a logical proceeding and answered to needs of dynamic and nesting social system. This city due to political and cultural centrality and its economic advantages reached to such a degree of progress that has diverse occupations and populations. ...
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producing of black style pottery in Al-Muzaffar period was a logical proceeding and answered to needs of dynamic and nesting social system. This city due to political and cultural centrality and its economic advantages reached to such a degree of progress that has diverse occupations and populations. community of Meybod potters named as "Koi Fakharan" have a social identity. This community because of kinship and production focus on adjacent old market and along the central mosque has a specific location. Transfer and continuity of indigenous knowledge of pottery has the form of a native and oral culture. Word prevalence and native and nomination for all pottery production processing is considered as a part of job dignity and identity in this profession. Existence of natural gifts of quality mineral clay has played an role in continuity and localization of pottery art to this day. Skillful potters have knowledge on region's organic and mineral matters and due to this knowledge and by fully innate and methods produce paint and glaze to cover the surface of potteries. All motifs and templates used to painting and drawing of pottery is a reflection of climate and social relationship of Meybod. Research methodology of this article is field study by approach of anthropology and based on artifact data of archeological study and oral conversation with workmen and local people. The outcome of this study is provided a perfect image of black style pottery in Meybod, methods of raw materials processing and all stages of pottery producing.
Reza Manouchehri Rad; Hesam ZandHesami; Ali Davari; Morteza Mousakhani
Abstract
Organizational resilience (OR) as a change capacity & adaptability to environmental challenges is a concept which has been considered by scholars in the last two decades. Cognitive Resilience (CR) as a prerequisite of OR is a mental process for remembering, understanding, analyzing ...
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Organizational resilience (OR) as a change capacity & adaptability to environmental challenges is a concept which has been considered by scholars in the last two decades. Cognitive Resilience (CR) as a prerequisite of OR is a mental process for remembering, understanding, analyzing and applying them for decision-making, problem-solving and responding to the environmental changes and it is important. Since previous researches have focused more on cognitive, behavioral & affective resilience’s what and why, the purpose of this research was to present an application pattern for answering to this question that how the level of organization’s CR could be changed by Iranian entrepreneurs’ indigenous knowledge (IK) based on dimensions and important indexes. This research is qualitative and narrative that its method is discourse analysis method based on in-depth interviews.The results of 10 established entrepreneurs’ living experience & 2 entrepreneurship researchers, who have had resilient experience in their work or business mentorship showed how entrepreneurs’ IK & conceptual knowledge based on the hierarchical property of systems theory, lead to cognitive innovation in three stages: A. Hard cognitive resilience includes sub-processes remembering & understanding; B. Soft cognitive resilience includes sub-processes application, analysis & evaluation; C. Conviction cognitive resilience includes sub-process innovation. Based on this finding, since the CR as an organizational behavior is a type of collective learning (such as adaptability & proactively), we suggested entrepreneurs analyze this important construct as an underlying assumption of organizational culture during business model reinventing for realizing OR.
vahid karimian; Adel Sepehry; Hossein Barani
Abstract
In order to study Indigenous knowledge of Ganaboo plant (Medicinal and industrial of rangeland important species), which has been used from past years by local people, this research was done in TangSorkh area which have the maximum of stakeholder and the highest area of Ganaboo habitat in Kohgiluyeh ...
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In order to study Indigenous knowledge of Ganaboo plant (Medicinal and industrial of rangeland important species), which has been used from past years by local people, this research was done in TangSorkh area which have the maximum of stakeholder and the highest area of Ganaboo habitat in Kohgiluyeh and Boyerahmad. The main research method is Indigenous knowledge considering of local communities based on participatory research methods. In this study, Qualitative research methods including direct observation, interviews free, in-depth individual and group interviews and regular participation in local people's practices were used. In interviews, questions were proposed to assess Ethnoecology, Ethnopharmacology, agronomy and other issues about Ethnobotany of Ganaboo. Based on Indigenous knowledge, Ganaboo plants have Medicinal, industrial and edible uses. Most of the uses relevant to the Oleo-gum-resin production. Local communities believe Ganaboo resistant to the cold and more presence in the uplands and steep lands. It grows in all soil types and every hillside. But in the hillside Toward the sun and on the sandy, soft and red soils, produce more Oleo-gum-resin. The best way to plantng is seeding in autumn. Based on the Indigenous knowledge, age of Ganaboo should be above 7 years to obtain a good Oleo-gum-resin. The results showed Ganaboo utilization from the past known as the livelihoods ways for local communities. Overall received Indigenous Knowledge Was aware from medicinal properties, growing time, harvest time, usable organs, conditions for planting and harvesting and also find areas with the maximum Potential of growth and production of Ganaboo.
Khadijeh Bouzarjomehri; Mehdi Masoum Jashni; hassanali .jahantigh
Abstract
Ranchers in rural communities work together to raise and manage their livestock activities. In the meantime, The collaboration and cooperation between farmers and particularly rural women play a key role stems. The purpose of this study was to identify local knowledge and local traditions of rural women ...
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Ranchers in rural communities work together to raise and manage their livestock activities. In the meantime, The collaboration and cooperation between farmers and particularly rural women play a key role stems. The purpose of this study was to identify local knowledge and local traditions of rural women in abunasr rural in production and management of livestock products in Bavanat city of Fars province. The research method is based on surveying methods. For data collection, qualitative techniques including direct observation, participatory observation and organized interviewing have been used. The statistical population consisted of 29 rural woman is a farmer living in the village of AbuNasr, which is collected and analyzed in a qualitative way. The results of the research indicate that there is a rich indigenous knowledge and local traditions among women in the region, due to the existence of a traditional milking system (Don) and the mechanism of milk management and dairy products. The Dun system is a traditional social institution for members who participate in the production of livestock products. This traditional system has been effective in establishing a strong social bond between livestocks and, in addition to facilitating the production and management of dairy products, has also contributed to the qualitative and quantitative increase in livestock production.
Abstract
Saffron is echo type plant of Iran. Its cultivation, nutrition and drug applications and drug were known from ancient historical period. Iranian people have excellent indigenous knowledge about saffron. In Persian literature, saffron is symbol of expensive cost and the lover that abounded form his love. ...
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Saffron is echo type plant of Iran. Its cultivation, nutrition and drug applications and drug were known from ancient historical period. Iranian people have excellent indigenous knowledge about saffron. In Persian literature, saffron is symbol of expensive cost and the lover that abounded form his love. The botany and cultivation of saffron were noted in old agriculture manuscripts. Two time irrigation was advised for saffron. Mouse and rabbit are two pest of saffron based on old manuscripts. In traditional medicine book , saffron was effective in internal organs and caused happiness in psychological treatment. Dangerous saffron over dosage application In some texts warned.Saffron is echo type plant of Iran. Its cultivation, nutrition and drug applications and drug were known from ancient historical period. Iranian people have excellent indigenous knowledge about saffron. In Persian literature, saffron is symbol of expensive cost and the lover that abounded form his love. The botany and cultivation of saffron were noted in old agriculture manuscripts. Two time irrigation was advised for saffron. Mouse and rabbit are two pest of saffron based on old manuscripts. In traditional medicine book , saffron was effective in internal organs and caused happiness in psychological treatment. Dangerous saffron over dosage application In some texts warned.
Gholamali Heshmati; Hossein Barani
Abstract
As ways of learning, understanding and also attitude toward the world, indigenous knowledge is defined as the result of years of experience and problem-solving via trial and error by groups of people having applied natural resources in their surrounding environment. Stock holders, including tribal and ...
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As ways of learning, understanding and also attitude toward the world, indigenous knowledge is defined as the result of years of experience and problem-solving via trial and error by groups of people having applied natural resources in their surrounding environment. Stock holders, including tribal and rural societies in Iran, have had valuable savings in the field of indigenous knowledge in range management for many years that is cultural and social potential of this ancient community. This research was conducted on principles of classification and nominalization of environmental components as an important factor in the rangeland classification system from the perspective of indigenous knowledge. Data collection was carried out through interviews in nomads' residence and participatory observation through survey research. Key concepts were then extracted from natives' narrative knowledge. The results indicate that nomads have subtle and detailed observations about the classification system that is completely corresponded with local conditions. As they have separate classifications for each surrounding environmental components. Accordingly, they classify rangeland based on topographic features, temperature, vegetation, soil, water resources, land use and access road for every part of which they have separate definition. These parts are named and defined in such a way that for a majority of locals are known as practical concepts. While there is no publication for this kind of categorization system, the environmental culture causes nomads living in that area to make use of this system.
nazi noorinezhadi
Abstract
Jovak art work is one of the traditional arts and industries in Fars province and especially in Shiraz, a historical city in Iran. Unfortunately, today there are few people who have heard the name of this kind of art, and usually they confuse this kind of art which is made by putting together ...
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Jovak art work is one of the traditional arts and industries in Fars province and especially in Shiraz, a historical city in Iran. Unfortunately, today there are few people who have heard the name of this kind of art, and usually they confuse this kind of art which is made by putting together different pieces of woods with various colors with another kind of art called Khaatam. In this study, considering the role and status of Jovak art and its past records, and also interviewing with the only man who makes this kind of art work as a case study, it has been studying and investigating seriously. The methodology has been both the field and library study (historical documents and content analysis). Finally, it has been tried to find out the reasons that kept such a nice art unknown to people by referring to different investigations, studies, and documentary resources as well as to help it to be recognized by more people and prevent it to be disappeared .So some solutions are presented to promote this kind of nice art.
Rahim Furizeh; gholamali heshmati; Hossein barani
Abstract
Indigenous knowledge, as an important part of the culture of all regions, includes the conditions in which humans adapt with the ecosystem. Generally, it is ethnographic responsibility to record and gather this knowledge. One of the effective ways in ethnographic researches is recording indigenous knowledge ...
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Indigenous knowledge, as an important part of the culture of all regions, includes the conditions in which humans adapt with the ecosystem. Generally, it is ethnographic responsibility to record and gather this knowledge. One of the effective ways in ethnographic researches is recording indigenous knowledge in the field of cooking by the use of different plants in their habitat being completely involved in socio-cultural issues. Accordingly, it is the subject of ethnography and anthropology as well. The first step of this study, done in Dilegan rangeland in kohgiloye and Boirahmad province, was identifying plants that all or parts of their organs were used as a main course or flavors. The plants consisted of different vegetative forms of trees, forbs and shrubs, like fruits, leaves, pedicel and bulbs. After that, free interviewing and participatory observations were applied in order to gather the name and also the way of cooking local food prepared by nomads. Finally, 21 edible plants were identified and 24 ways of cooking plants were written and recorded. Results show that one of the magnificent aspects of nomadic life is using various plants in the preparation of traditional dishes having been passed down from generation to generation by their mothers. Providing the food in the tribal families is in such a way in most of which plants are used as a main course or flavors.
Hamidreza Saeedi; Hossein Arzani; Fatemeh Razaghi
Abstract
Achieving sustainable development and economic growth of the major goals of all the countries one of the main ways to achieve sustainable development in tribal communities sufficient attention to Indigenous knowledge nomads, especially women. On the basis of this study was to introduce the participant ...
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Achieving sustainable development and economic growth of the major goals of all the countries one of the main ways to achieve sustainable development in tribal communities sufficient attention to Indigenous knowledge nomads, especially women. On the basis of this study was to introduce the participant to describe and explain the role of indigenous knowledge in sustainable development should be Soleimani tribal women. The geographic scope of this research area is Kerman province. The qualitative research method, this method also conducted in-depth interviews and data collection, key questions have been raised about the knowledge of indigenous tribal women. The concluding remarks of the respondents indicate that tribal women Soleimani has an impressive knowledge in relation to the veterinary and animal diseases treatment, processed milk and milk products and handicrafts such as carpets, tent, mat mill Horberry, Mfrshv, Jajim and rugs are inspired by it can be taken in line with the sustainable development of grassland. In tribal societies, the continuous production of a direct relationship between producer and consumer and tribal women and girls as an essential pillar of the social structure and production units are considered nomadic and can achieve sustainable development in the range.
Reza Rahimnia; Mehran Gharaati; Ali Zamanifard
Volume 2, Issue 4 , June 2016, , Pages 145-177
Abstract
Conservation/restoration can be regarded as the science of transferring a given cultural from the past to the future, which calls for a comprehensive framework based on keen understanding of the past (indigenous) knowledge. On the other hand, there is very limited number of research for creating ...
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Conservation/restoration can be regarded as the science of transferring a given cultural from the past to the future, which calls for a comprehensive framework based on keen understanding of the past (indigenous) knowledge. On the other hand, there is very limited number of research for creating theoretical premises in the field of Conservation of Architectural and Urban Heritage. In addition, the Western theories would not fully apply to and address the existing issues in Iran. Therefore, it is more sensible to use qualitative as well as interpretative methods for research in traditional knowledge. One of such methods is “Grounded Theory”, although the use of this method in the field of conservation is not yet prevalent in the world and in Iran as well. This paper aims at explaining the characteristics of grounded theory as an applied research method in the study of indigenous knowledge of Conservation. This research has been conducted with theoretical study in recognition of grounded theory as well as practical experience to apply this method in indigenous knowledge research. Finally, the process of grounded theory in the indigenous knowledge research has been explained. Indigenous knowledge research by grounded theory is as follows: 1) literature review (for theoretical sensitivity), 2) theoretical sampling, 3) collecting data (derived from the indigenous knowledge sources), 4) data coding and analysis (until theoretical saturation) and 5) present the theory. At the result,the grounded theory can be a good method to response the theoretical limitation in conservation. This method provides the opinion, perception, and understanding of architecture and conservation.
jafar hezarjeribi; reza safari shali
Abstract
As a combination of belongings, skills, values, beliefs, tools and methods of a social or national group, Indigenous knowledge has inherited through the experiences and confirmation of constituent generations in different fields of life. Its accurate application can lead to endogenous development ...
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As a combination of belongings, skills, values, beliefs, tools and methods of a social or national group, Indigenous knowledge has inherited through the experiences and confirmation of constituent generations in different fields of life. Its accurate application can lead to endogenous development that in fact is in correspondence with people’s culture and environment of that society. Present article identifies one of the most important new methodological approaches in social investigations arena and its status in recognition of indigenous knowledge and values. Grounded theory has the ability to create new theories in correspondence with that society by recognition of present reality instead of proving existed theories. Methodologically the basis of grounded theory is production and construction of theory from present data in society. In this method inductive approach is used and researcher starts his work with observation and interviews and then brings up structures and contents or general topics. After this step, by the help of interpretive methods, theories are created and presented without previous presumptions. Hence, referring the essence of this theory, it can be used as a method with devices for recognition of values and skills and generally our society’s indigenous knowledge
