morteza farhadi
Abstract
ن سردبیرراه تنهای مرا بنگر 1مردم شناسان فرهنگ را "تجربه انبار گروه " و "گنجینه آفرینندگی های بشر " 2نامیده اند. بخش مهم و کاربردی و در ایران ناشناخته مانده از این گنجینه دانش ...
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ن سردبیرراه تنهای مرا بنگر 1مردم شناسان فرهنگ را "تجربه انبار گروه " و "گنجینه آفرینندگی های بشر " 2نامیده اند. بخش مهم و کاربردی و در ایران ناشناخته مانده از این گنجینه دانش و فنآوری : سخت افزارها و نرم افزارهای مربوط به تولید کار و مسائل پیرامونی آنمی باشد. از آن جا که تولید و کار امری جمعی و گروهی است و همیشه در پیوند باطبیعت و جامعه و فره نگ قرار می گیرد، پس این پیرامون ، هم شامل دانش های علوممصراعی از یک سروده اسکیمویی و نام فصلی از کتاب تاریخ مردم شناسی در بیان احوال فرانز بواس -ه. ر. هیس، تاریخ مردم شناسی، ترجمه ابوالقاسم طاهری، تهران. ] (Franz Boas). نک به: کلایه کلاکن – کروبر. تعریف ها و مفهوم فرهنگ، ترجمه داریوش آشوری، تهران، 1357 -2 دو فصلنامه دانش های بومی ایران، شماره 1 بهار و تابستان 1393دقیقه، علوم طبیعی ، فلسفه و علوم اجتماعی مربوط به آن همچون آب و هوا شناسی ،جانورشناسی و گیاه شناسی مرد می ، جغرافیا و بوم شناسی محلی ، کشاورزی و اقتصادکشاورزی و فنون کاربردی شده در صنایع و پیشه ها و ریاضیات و ابزارهای اندازه گیریو دانش های فیزیکی و شیمیایی کاربردی و غالبا نانوشته بوده و دامنه آن به جامعهشناسی، روانشناسی و مدیریت بومزاد و مشارکت ها و تعاونی ها ی سنتی و صنایع وهنرها و تکنیک های بدن (متون بدن ) و غیره نیز کشیده می شود. ویژگی مشترک هم هاین موضوعات گوناگون ، کارآمدی و توان کاربردی بالای آنها در عمل و پاسخسنجیده و کارآمد آنها در حل مساله و برآورد نیازهای آدمی در انطباق با تاریخ، جغرافیاو خرده فرهنگ در طی هزاران سال می باشد.دانش بو می که دانش محلی ، سنتی و یا قو می عامیانه و مرد می و بوم ز اد نیزنامیده شده است ؛ برای تعریف و طبقه بندی پدیده ها در محیط ها ی فیزیکی ، طبیعی واجتماعی خاص به کار برده می شود و با دانشی که افراد جامعه از طریق مراکز رس میمانند دانشگاه ها و موسسات تحقیقات دولتی و خصوصی کسب می کنند، ممکن استظاهراً تفاوت داشته باشد ، اما همه آنها در این ویژگی کلی که حاصل تجربه (مشاهده وآزمایش رس می و غیررسمی ) و به اشکال گوناگون تکرار شده و اثبات شده اند مشترکمی باشند.دانش بومی ، دانش جمعی و تاریخی گروه های انسانی در ارتباط با زمینه هایگوناگون هستی ، بویژه شیوه های تعریف نردبان نیازها ، در نسبت با نظام ارزشی و حلمسئله با راههای تجربه تاریخی است که منجر به راههای معیشتی و سبکِ زندگی آدمیگردیده است که از تعامل طولانی گروه با جغرافیا و محیط طبیعی و از طریق آزمون وخطا در خلال زمان شکل گرفته و عمدتاً شفاهی و نامکتوب و آمیخته با تکنیک هایبدن (فنون بدن) و دانش ضمنی است.سخن سردبیر 3دانش بو می بخشی از سرمایه ملی و "پتانسیل فرهنگی " 1 هر قوم است . تجربهنشان می دهد که دانش بو می نه تنها با دانش رس می تعارض و تناقضی ندارد بلکهبرخی ویژگی های متفاوت عرَضی دانش بومی مانند آزمودگی و آبدیدگی در ازای زمان،آن را مکمل خوبی برای دانش رس می قرار می دهد. دانش بو می در دسترس ، آسان یاب ،ساده، کارآمد، ارزان، کل نگر، واقع نگر، شفاهی، پویا، تجربه گرا، زمان آزموده و بومزاد و سازگار با محیط و طبیعت و زیست بوم تعریف می شود. این دانش به مسائل بهصورت کلی و منظوم ه ای (سیستماتیک) نگاه کرده و پویا بوده و در طی زمان آبدیدهشده است و چون در بطن محیط طبیعی و اجتماعی محلی تکامل یافته است با شرایطبومی و منطقه ای کاملاً سازگار می باشد.ویژگی های دانش بو می آن را دانشی سازگارتر نسبت به محیط و جامعه گراتر ازدانش های کلاسیک و نوین م عرفی می کند که می توان آن را در خدمت توسعه پایدارقرار داد.با وجود همه زحمتی که جهانیان و از آن جمل ه ایرانیان برای کسب دانش بو میصرف کرده و با وجود همه ارزش های فراوانی که دارد، دانش بومی غالبا دانشی شفاهیاست و بطور معمول و متداول در روش های جدید و علمی ثبت و ضبط نمی شود و درنهایت باید گفت ، دانش بو می در بیشتر کشورهای توسعه نیافته تحت تاثیر عواملگوناگون و از آن جمله معیشت و اقتصاد های تک محصولی شده و سلطه همه جانبهاستعماری و قومیت کشی (تهاجم فرهنگی) و مقیاسات اروپا محورانه و شرق شناسانهتعصب آمیز شرایط جدید و القائات "مکتب نوسازی " 2 غالباً نادیده گرفته شده و رو بهنابودی رفته است.
morteza farhadi
Abstract
Neglecting traditional knowledge and technologies in our society and most of the third world countries such as our neighbors occurs when constant failure of western style of development plan and universal destroy of environment make later intellectual and far sighted scholars and international organizations ...
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Neglecting traditional knowledge and technologies in our society and most of the third world countries such as our neighbors occurs when constant failure of western style of development plan and universal destroy of environment make later intellectual and far sighted scholars and international organizations such as Fao, Unesco, Brundtland commission and World Bank increasingly take in to account their mistakes towards third world development and neglecting cultural aspects and indigenous knowledge, technologies, management and rationality. They try to compensate their mistakes. However most of the methods of intellectual from traditional societies incessantly follow their own way like that Isfahani fellow who denied confessing his bad handwriting. Here in this article there is an attempt to consider some points of Iran's traditional knowledge and technologies.
Morteza Farhadi
Abstract
In the long list of Iranian unpleasant traits! , the “untiming” and the irregularity has been considered as a significant component in (under)development and it is necessary to know whether this phenomenon is an emerging issue or has it always been for Iranians? If it is always, where is ...
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In the long list of Iranian unpleasant traits! , the “untiming” and the irregularity has been considered as a significant component in (under)development and it is necessary to know whether this phenomenon is an emerging issue or has it always been for Iranians? If it is always, where is the root of this negligence? And if it is new, the reason(s) that our nation was struck with such neglect, descend from what, where and why? Is it true that the root of the negligence in timing comes from the rural culture that has “incarnated” in our cities? If this is true, what happened to the villagers in Iran and since when Iranian villagers have become a reference group for townspeople?! If this is a true statement that this situation is the result of and peasant livelihood and farming, how is the culture of production, agriculture, horticulture, animal husbandry, beekeeping, aviculture and fishing, each with geographical orders and also plants and animal organism timing requirements over several thousand years, have been adapted with such “untiming” and disorder? Are the “untiming” and the irregularity derives from a consumer culture or a participatory one? Are today's Iranians affected by the subculture of rural production and their indigenous endemic culture, or influenced by consumer culture and exogenous factors? And finally, is the negligence about time and order in Iranian genetics or in their culture? And if it is in their culture and history, what are the origins of this “untiming” and cultural disarray?
fereydon Hosseinpanahi; hossein mohammadzadeh
Abstract
abstract work is the base of value and culture. every society have a logical base of work and knowledge that suitable for their environment. in 1941 one smith er left his hand during the process of working. on explosion due and he left his hand. he make up an artificial hand in 1942. this hand made of ...
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abstract work is the base of value and culture. every society have a logical base of work and knowledge that suitable for their environment. in 1941 one smith er left his hand during the process of working. on explosion due and he left his hand. he make up an artificial hand in 1942. this hand made of 13 pieces of iron and 4 pice of leather and one spring. the goal of this study is assessment the structure and function of this hand. data gathering by interview with family .data show that mohammad amanaty left his hand and make the artificial hand for self. this work very good and he continue his work for 18 years.today this artificial hand remainder in his family. at the same time he made very iron instrumental that work very well. this the first artificial hand that made in the west of country. key words: west Iran ,The first artificial hand
vahid karimian; Adel Sepehry; Hossein Barani
Abstract
In order to study Indigenous knowledge of Ganaboo plant (Medicinal and industrial of rangeland important species), which has been used from past years by local people, this research was done in TangSorkh area which have the maximum of stakeholder and the highest area of Ganaboo habitat in Kohgiluyeh ...
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In order to study Indigenous knowledge of Ganaboo plant (Medicinal and industrial of rangeland important species), which has been used from past years by local people, this research was done in TangSorkh area which have the maximum of stakeholder and the highest area of Ganaboo habitat in Kohgiluyeh and Boyerahmad. The main research method is Indigenous knowledge considering of local communities based on participatory research methods. In this study, Qualitative research methods including direct observation, interviews free, in-depth individual and group interviews and regular participation in local people's practices were used. In interviews, questions were proposed to assess Ethnoecology, Ethnopharmacology, agronomy and other issues about Ethnobotany of Ganaboo. Based on Indigenous knowledge, Ganaboo plants have Medicinal, industrial and edible uses. Most of the uses relevant to the Oleo-gum-resin production. Local communities believe Ganaboo resistant to the cold and more presence in the uplands and steep lands. It grows in all soil types and every hillside. But in the hillside Toward the sun and on the sandy, soft and red soils, produce more Oleo-gum-resin. The best way to plantng is seeding in autumn. Based on the Indigenous knowledge, age of Ganaboo should be above 7 years to obtain a good Oleo-gum-resin. The results showed Ganaboo utilization from the past known as the livelihoods ways for local communities. Overall received Indigenous Knowledge Was aware from medicinal properties, growing time, harvest time, usable organs, conditions for planting and harvesting and also find areas with the maximum Potential of growth and production of Ganaboo.
Alireza Shahhoseeini; Hasan Afrakhteh
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to study the genius and creativity of the nomadic community in terms of adaptation with environment and protection of milk (as a perishable substance or product) in dispersed mountainous areas, identify how products produced in Sangsar tribe, and introduce milk derivations ...
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The purpose of this study is to study the genius and creativity of the nomadic community in terms of adaptation with environment and protection of milk (as a perishable substance or product) in dispersed mountainous areas, identify how products produced in Sangsar tribe, and introduce milk derivations and its use as daily consumption and pharmaceutical, and identify work songs of nomadic producers as driving force of production, show the ability and capability of such a genius as a native and applied knowledge in the current conditions of society. This research has been conducted in field method with purposeful sampling and interviews with the producers of this dairy product in the nomads of the country sides of Sangsar tribes. The result shows that the tribes of Sangsar adapting with nature and providing their sustainable livelihoods, has been showing considerable ingenuity in maintaining milk production (a substance with fast perishable) and procuring various derivations of this substance and their experiments as a knowledge reserve can be used as expansion of modern knowledge.
Mahmood Maham
Abstract
The main purpose of this paper is to review the studies and research on "work" and "cooperation" before and after the Islamic Revolution in Iran in order to determine which conjectures and assumptions, the conceptual and theoretical frameworks in this field Problem solving and problem solving ...
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The main purpose of this paper is to review the studies and research on "work" and "cooperation" before and after the Islamic Revolution in Iran in order to determine which conjectures and assumptions, the conceptual and theoretical frameworks in this field Problem solving and problem solving process? Identifying, collecting works as sources of data and information and distinguishing texts based on the print time (before and after the Islamic Revolution) and their contents and approaches (based on the knowledge base) shows that in analyzing the changes of the social system in its general meaning - with The focus is on "work" and "cooperation", with two knowledge (indigenous knowledge and translation knowledge). Therefore, two types of analysis have been developed at two levels to illustrate the status of work and cooperation in Iran. In the pre-revolutionary period, the first level consists of an official, governmental, and academic perspective, and the second level includes the reality and the field of Iranian culture and society, which is incidentally unofficial. After the victory of the Islamic Revolution, the institutional contrast of the Iranian-Islamic society with the design and experience of a variety of revolutionary institutions, especially the construction Jihad with the slogan "all together", reveals the reality of the continuing cultural and social challenge with analyzes and import organizations. The successful passage of this cultural challenge depends on the critical recognition of work experience and collaboration, and community groups and organizations in diverse and diverse array of formats, and numerous localities in villages, nomads, guilds, religious groups and religious organizations in Iran for an analysis of work culture can be promoted from a micro, individual, or collective level to traditional, psychological, and macro levels, to a macro, sociological, and organizational level with functions in new areas - and of course based on historical constructs and experiences.
mohammad hossein papoli yazdi; Abbas Jalali
Abstract
Rural issues are very complex and deep issues, most of which are penetrated by the socio-economic-cultural structure of the villages and become part of the rural living and livelihood components. If you look at the rural issues with a simple, one-way perspective (eg, purely economic), you will ...
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Rural issues are very complex and deep issues, most of which are penetrated by the socio-economic-cultural structure of the villages and become part of the rural living and livelihood components. If you look at the rural issues with a simple, one-way perspective (eg, purely economic), you will not be able to understand their depth. Behind many of the idioms and words of the village lies a lot of deep-rooted culture. The current materialist world, and those who see the world, the city, the countryside, and the nomads as merely economic, statistical, rational, and statistical accounts, and seek development and growth through mere figures, are doomed to naivety and simplism. If all things, especially cultural-social relations, were viewed with pure economic vision, the culture of the superior economy would gradually overshadow the whole world. It will lead to nonsense, the absurdity and the unity of life everywhere and everywhere. Walnuts are a word and a fruit. In the statistics books against the word walnut, a few more figures are not mentioned. For example, Iran's walnut production in the year 1367 was 55 thousand tons or its production in Khorasan in the years 1372 and 1373 was 6613 and 4952 tons, respectively. But walnuts, especially in mountainous areas (such as dates in warm regions and olives in the Mediterranean), are an important cultural and social factor that has a very long history. Those who are familiar with the school of construction or structuralism know what part of being a constituent means.
حسن افراخته; alireza shahhosseini
Abstract
امروزه در ادبیات توسعه، پارادایم‌هایی نظیر توسعه روستایی درون زا، معیشت پایدار روستایی، توسعه پایدار و پساتوسعه، کاربرد دانش بومی در توسعه جوامع، به ویژه جوامع محلی ...
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امروزه در ادبیات توسعه، پارادایم‌هایی نظیر توسعه روستایی درون زا، معیشت پایدار روستایی، توسعه پایدار و پساتوسعه، کاربرد دانش بومی در توسعه جوامع، به ویژه جوامع محلی دارای طرفدارانی است. از این رو توجه به این موضوع، شناسایی چارچوب و روش شناختی متناسب آن، اهمیت فراوانی یافته است. دستیابی به توسعه همه جانبه پایدار، نیازمند استفاده از تجارب چند هزار ساله پیشینیان؛ و به عبارتی مادر دانش رسمی است. شترداران همانند دیگر جوامع بومی از دانش‌های بومی ارزشمندی برخوردارند که تاکنون کمتر مورد توجه بوده است.در این تحقیق، دانش بومی شترداران حسن آباد دامغان، به عنوان مهم‌ترین روستای شتردار شهرستان دامغان به روش میدانی مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است؛ با روش نمونه گیری گلوله برفی افراد مورد مطالعه انتخاب شدند؛ از تکنیک‌های مشاهده مشارکتی، مشاهده آزاد و مصاحبه نیمه ساختار یافته استفاده شد. مقاله بخشی از دانش بومی شترداران روستای حسن آباد را بررسی کرده است که در حال فراموشی است ولی می‌تواند به عنوان مکمل دانش رسمی یا نوین مورد توجه قرار گیرد. نتیجه نشان می‌دهد که دانش بومی منطقه ظرفیت زیادی جهت تداوم روند توسعه همساز با محیط دارد و می‌تواند در گسترش دانش رسمی توسعه منطقه مورد استفاده قرار گیرد.
Abbas Ghanbari Odivi
Abstract
The lion is a stone sculpture that has a variety of cultural, artistic, literary, social and economic uses and functions in Bakhtiari culture. In Bakhtiari, the body is placed on the tombs of sheriffs, brave men, youth and elders of the people. Various types and types of lionesses, considering the structure, ...
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The lion is a stone sculpture that has a variety of cultural, artistic, literary, social and economic uses and functions in Bakhtiari culture. In Bakhtiari, the body is placed on the tombs of sheriffs, brave men, youth and elders of the people. Various types and types of lionesses, considering the structure, tools, experience of the masters, and the process of preparation, size, shape, engraving and various real and abstract varieties throughout its installation and customs throughout the Bakhtiari region, led the author to The material and spiritual functions of the body characterize the body in the native knowledge and culture of Bakhtiari people and show the place of this ancient Iranian art in the contemporary period. This study has been formulated based on field research and conversations with the creators of this indigenous art-industry and occasionally citing library documents. For this purpose, by gathering the necessary information, recording the varieties of oral culture and literature, examples of popular creations and beliefs in Iranian folk culture and art were searched for effective anthropological research, ethnography, and nomadic cultural-literary studies
Mahjabin Radaei; Esmaeil Salehi; Shahrzad Faryadi; Mohammad Reza Masnavi; Lobat Zebardast
Abstract
Today, landscape of many ancient desert cities has destroyed, despite having natural contexts and integrated patterns resulted from human actions and natural environments as settlement. Discoloration of sustainability and resilience foundations, emphasizes the need to recognition and application of the ...
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Today, landscape of many ancient desert cities has destroyed, despite having natural contexts and integrated patterns resulted from human actions and natural environments as settlement. Discoloration of sustainability and resilience foundations, emphasizes the need to recognition and application of the concepts governing the structure and function of ecological networks and the patterns of social-ecological systems interactions, which has been reflection of the ecological wisdom principles in the urban planning process. This study aims to recognize ecological wisdom principles in the landscape of desert cities in the format of hydraulic structures in Yazd city. In present comparative-inferential study, the ecological wisdom is explained and it's principles are inferred, while analyzing the subject literature, using documentary method and study of written sources. Based on field studies, and inference of structural, functional, and management criteria governing the historical hydraulic structures in city of Yazd. The examples of ecological wisdom principles in ancient hydraulic structures have been studied in three scales of macro, mezo and micro. The results indicate that ecological wisdom has provided basis for creating ecological networks and urban landscapes sustainability, by creating composition, configuration, communication and functional diversity of patches and mixing corridors in the hydraulic structures networks in Yazd city.
Abstract
گفتنی است که اکنون 6 سال از پیشنهاد و تصویب این ویژه‌نامه گذشته است و مجله با سختی بسیار توانسته است پس از 6 سال این ویژه‌نامه را برای چاپ و استفاده مخاطبان آماده سازد. ...
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گفتنی است که اکنون 6 سال از پیشنهاد و تصویب این ویژه‌نامه گذشته است و مجله با سختی بسیار توانسته است پس از 6 سال این ویژه‌نامه را برای چاپ و استفاده مخاطبان آماده سازد. علت به درازا کشیده شدن این کار، محدودیت‌ها و قیدهای موضوعی دو فصلنامه مزبور است. عنوان دانش‌ها و فن‌آوری‌های بومی دو فصلنامه ایجاب می‌کند، که حتی مانع چاپ برخی از مقالات مردم‌نگاری و مردم‌شناسی آب نیز می‌شود. برای مثال «عروسی آب»، «حضور آب در آیینه‌های ایرانی و یا در جشن پایان لایروبی و حکومت زنان در سامن ملایر» و یا «بیل گردانی، آخرین بازمانده یک ورزش پهلوانی و آئینی» که همه این‌ها نام مقالات مؤلف است که در مجلات گوناگون ایران پس از انقلاب اسلامی به چاپ رسیده‌اند، که نمی‌توانند در دو فصلنامه دانش‌های بومی ایران چاپ شوند.
چنین مقالاتی هم بایستی در حوزه دانش‌ها و فن‌آوری‌های سنتی قرار گیرند و هم باید مربوط به آب و ایران باشند. بنابراین فصلنامه برای این‌که هم ویژه‌نامه را به‌جایی برساند و همسطح کار افت نکند و هم کار، پیوند خود با نام دو فصلنامه را حفظ کرده باشد، ناچار شد، چندین بار نوبت را از شماره ویژه نامه آب، ستانده و به شماره‌های معمولی دو فصلنامه بدهد، در نتیجه این چند بار جابجایی،چاپ ویژه نامه آب از شماره 7 به شماره 12 رسید. حال در نظر بگیرید که صاحبان مقالاتی که نوشته‌های آنها از جانب دو فصلنامه پذیرفته شده است چقدر باید صبوری دهقانی داشته باشند و چشم‌انتظار مقالاتشان بمانند. با نگاهی به تاریخ پذیرش این مقاله‌ها می‌توان بندی از شعر انگور[1] نادر نادرپور را در وصف این شماره بیان کرد: «چنین آسان مگیریدش / چنین آسان منوشیدش».[2]
Mahnaz Ghobadi
Abstract
The main idea of this paper is to highlight the importance of the relationships between domains of "natural and human" from the two "science" and "biology" perspectives, although at first it sounds simple but unfortunately in practice this communication lacks in the field of macro science. "Salinity" ...
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The main idea of this paper is to highlight the importance of the relationships between domains of "natural and human" from the two "science" and "biology" perspectives, although at first it sounds simple but unfortunately in practice this communication lacks in the field of macro science. "Salinity" as a "natural feature" and “haloculture" as a "technology" is needed in a given ecosystem) Iran). Although the new conditions resulting from interventions without varying environmental capabilities have created different conditions, the question remains as to What 'natural' and 'human' relationship does it have, and what will the future hold? Referring to the socio-technical and soil-plant records in the Iranian ecosystem, it has been shown that this relationship has been well established in the past, so we are able to say that it can be based on the knowledge and practice of the ancestors in ability to work with salinity like a technology. A key point in understanding, designing and implementing of new holoculture, is to pay attention again to the relationships between the "natural and human" domains from the perspective of "knowledge" in the "specific ecosystem" that is "Iran's Ecological Studies", been called.
Mahjabin Radaei; Esmaeil Salehi; Shahrzad Faryadi; Mohammad Reza Masnavi; Lobat Zebardast
Abstract
Neglecting basic urban ecological indicators leads to a reduction in resilience to changing environmental conditions. Ancient socio-ecological systems are the result of several millennia of interventions in the landscape and a valuable repository of successful and unsuccessful experiences that can act ...
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Neglecting basic urban ecological indicators leads to a reduction in resilience to changing environmental conditions. Ancient socio-ecological systems are the result of several millennia of interventions in the landscape and a valuable repository of successful and unsuccessful experiences that can act as a stimulus or deterrent to decisions in future planning processes. This study aims to deduce the ecological wisdom principles and rules governing wind flow corridors and to present structural-functional strategies in the ecological networks of ancient desert cities (Yazd as a case study) to promote resilience. The research method based on the analysis of the content reviews the importance of ecological corridors in promoting urban resilience, deduces the ecological wisdom principles, recognizes the ecological wisdom principles and rules governing wind flow networks with exploratory analysis in the city of Yazd, in three scales: macro (urban-suburban), mezzo (neighborhood) and micro (building). The results indicate that structural-functional patterns, positioning and orientation, proportions and geometric order, connections, texture, and color of construction materials, structural-functional diversity, and structural-functional composition in wind flow corridors and regeneration strategies based on ecological wisdom in access networks and urban corridors are important in creating ecological networks and promoting urban resilience.
Mahjabin Radaei; Esmaeil Salehi; Hassan Moghaddam; Forood Azari Dehkordi; Mahshid Radaei
Abstract
Sustainable-integrated structural, functional, and management systems of water resources with emphasis on understanding the dynamics and co-evolution of coupled human-water systems have created concepts such as environmental hydrology, social hydrology, water sociology, etc. The evolution of the science ...
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Sustainable-integrated structural, functional, and management systems of water resources with emphasis on understanding the dynamics and co-evolution of coupled human-water systems have created concepts such as environmental hydrology, social hydrology, water sociology, etc. The evolution of the science of hydrology based on the theory of socio-ecological systems faces various challenges, including missing ring of social capital, local management, and regeneration of ecological wisdom governing the common resource, which requires the recognition of the semantic interaction and co-evolution of ecological wisdom and social hydrology. The current descriptive-analytical research formulates a conceptual framework for the development of social hydrology based on ecological wisdom intellectual foundation governing the ancient hydraulic heritage. The analysis of commonalities and differences in ecological wisdom, social hydrology, and their study paths based on comparative analysis emphasizes the realization of new insight in light of ecological wisdom, which, while linking procedural and conceptual approaches, provides a framework for the coupled systems co-evolution, with the potential to fully understand complexities, connections, and feedbacks, transform conflicts into interactions, analyze past events, strengthen the participation of stakeholders, predict long-term consequences of today's decisions, and facilitate the policymaking, decision-making processes, and formulation of efficient management strategies at various local, national, and regional scales.
Malek Shoaei
Abstract
A typical calendar among the Kurdish people from the perspective of: the Naming the months, symbolism, the numerous occasions, the consistency with nature and climate, the mythical and religious ideas, and ... distinct from the calendar of other Iranian tribes. In this culture, like the glorious calendar, ...
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A typical calendar among the Kurdish people from the perspective of: the Naming the months, symbolism, the numerous occasions, the consistency with nature and climate, the mythical and religious ideas, and ... distinct from the calendar of other Iranian tribes. In this culture, like the glorious calendar, the year is divided into four seasons and twelve months and each month to thirty days, but the beginning of the year is different from the calendar of the people. The fall season is ahead of the summer season. The names of its twelve species are, respectively: Giyā Bārik, Giyā Jemān, Nowrooz Māng, Kav Ker, Ganem Derav,Puš par, Gā Qur, Miva rasān, ?āxere Sardava, Valng Rizān, Mānge Seya, and Xāka Liva are all raised. There are occasional chaos and in each of these months, there are different occasions that are based on repetition, climate and climate conditions. This article aims to describe the Kurdish bases in a compilation (field book) and in a descriptive analytical manner. This shows the rich background and calendar of the people of this culture, and finding the roots of this calendar in the history and culture of Iran may bring valuable results.
mohammad hossein papoli yazdi
Abstract
Undoubtedly, the most important task in traditional animal husbandry is the responsibility of the shepherd, because traditional animal husbandry is not possible without the shepherd. In recent years, shepherds, especially good shepherds, have become rare, and because of this, animal husbandry is ...
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Undoubtedly, the most important task in traditional animal husbandry is the responsibility of the shepherd, because traditional animal husbandry is not possible without the shepherd. In recent years, shepherds, especially good shepherds, have become rare, and because of this, animal husbandry is facing major problems. The author knows cattle farmers who have abandoned cattle farming due to the lack of shepherds. Those who do not deal with animal husbandry think that anyone can take on the work of a shepherd or that every animal husbandry is a shepherd; While it is possible that someone is among the nomads and has been raising livestock for 50 years, but does not know "shepherding" because shepherding is a specialized work. When the new shepherd leads the herd, the loss of sheep, wolfishness, a decrease in the quality and quantity of milk, oil, wool, skin, meat, and the destruction of the pasture are certain. In traditional livestock farming, the shepherd has an important social role; Mal-Bineh) is. Traditionally, a one-year-old shepherd is taken. Right at the time of formation of the herd and the neighborhood, the shepherd is hired, and all the people of the neighborhood must pay the shepherd''s wages in proportion to the number of their cattle. In this article, an attempt has been made to address the most important development in the relationship between the shepherd and the owners of the sheep, which is the monetization of the shepherd''s wages.
Indigenous Knowledge
alinaghi gooya; hossein barani; ahmad Abedi Sarvestani
Abstract
Abstracthe aim of this research is to identify the indigenous knowledge of camel husbandry in the territory of Kalkuyee nomads in Masileh plain of Qom province, who have a long history of camel husbandry in this region. The way of obtaining the data is in the field with the continuous presence of the ...
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Abstracthe aim of this research is to identify the indigenous knowledge of camel husbandry in the territory of Kalkuyee nomads in Masileh plain of Qom province, who have a long history of camel husbandry in this region. The way of obtaining the data is in the field with the continuous presence of the tribes of the Kalkuyee tribe in the form of interview (question and answer), observation, filming and photography during three years. Also, in addition to individual interviews with native camel herders and nomadic experts, group interviews were also used in order to collect data and gain knowledge about the local knowledge of camel herders. The information has been classified based on convergence and divergence. The findings include indigenous knowledge related to naming, marking, the position of camels, characteristics of good camels, and reproduction among nomads of Kalkuyee tribe. The results of the research in the territory of Kalkuyee nomads showed that they have local knowledge and extensive work experience in camel husbandry. From the local knowledge of camel herders, we come to the conclusion that camel herding has long been a traditional and cultural activity with specific regional characteristics, and with camel herding and traditional life,
Indigenous Knowledge
atefe fazel; mehdi razani
Abstract
This research has been done, with the purpose of reconstructing the glaze manufacturing technology based on historical formulas with an emphasis on the carved pottery of the middle ages of the Islamic period and based on the experimental- technical method. The main questions are: 1) What was the process ...
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This research has been done, with the purpose of reconstructing the glaze manufacturing technology based on historical formulas with an emphasis on the carved pottery of the middle ages of the Islamic period and based on the experimental- technical method. The main questions are: 1) What was the process of development and formation of sgraffito pottery until its peak? 2)According to the available information regarding the technical operation of sgraffito pottery, how can it be revived? In this article, the history and techniques of sgraffito pottery and its developments in Iran, as well as the stages of making scratched pottery, with an emphasis on the Aqhkand type pottery, are discussed and based on this, by designing experimental-technical tests, prototyping, and testing the body of pottery and glaze has been carried out, based on observations and visual study Aqhkand pottery collection. The results showed that by considering some factors such as: coordination of the appropriate clay body, the coordination of white slip with the colored glaze, the coordination of the colored glaze with the transparent glaze coating on the body of pottery controlling the formula and amounts of the materials, the desired glaze can be restored and revived.
ahmad jeddi
Abstract
Defense rather than employed armed means, includes all measures which minimize vulnerability of building, site or town against invasion. This research tries to demonstrate the dimensions of passive defense in the history of Iranian architecture to indicate past approaches and utilization of these ...
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Defense rather than employed armed means, includes all measures which minimize vulnerability of building, site or town against invasion. This research tries to demonstrate the dimensions of passive defense in the history of Iranian architecture to indicate past approaches and utilization of these methods in a new generation of wars. Indigenous knowledge in each field is the experimental solutions based on historical lessons that can be different in any environment due to special circumstances. In spite of new wars using modern armed means, many ideas of historical past are expandable and usable in new passive defense planning. To achieve the practical application, principals and requirements of passive defense have been explored and their historical origins have been studied. It also provides the types of inspiration of other countries in some cases. The findings of the research will help localization of passive defense and using previous experiences in defense logistics plans.
mohammad hossein papoli yazdi; Fatemeh Vosoghi
Abstract
Unlike the motor pump, which is an imported, exported and standard technological phenomenon and has a mass-produced structure and copying, the aqueduct is a traditional and natural phenomenon whose tools are also handmade and belong to the Pre-Modern period. Aqueduct tools are not mass-produced. ...
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Unlike the motor pump, which is an imported, exported and standard technological phenomenon and has a mass-produced structure and copying, the aqueduct is a traditional and natural phenomenon whose tools are also handmade and belong to the Pre-Modern period. Aqueduct tools are not mass-produced. The construction of some aqueduct tools can be done by local experts, but the construction of some aqueduct tools requires more specialty, expertise and responsibility, and cannot be produced in the same village, region and city where the aqueduct is located. That is, the production of aqueduct tools is divided into three general categories: First, the tools on which the health and lives of Muqni and his colleagues depend, and when a problem arises in those tools, people's lives are endangered. The second oneis the tools that, despite their great importance, the problem in them does not directly and immediately endanger the lives of people, and the thirdone is the tools that are installed in the aqueduct for a long time. This article is not intended to explain how to build tools in this chain because others have explained enough about them; the purpose here is to explain the cultural and civilizational understanding of these tools and to ask questions in this regard.
javad safinejad
Abstract
Abstract The ancient Lor ethnicity is a branch of Iranian nomads who have gone through the ups and downs of history. Although it has lost much of its historical territory, it occupies an area as large as 123,000 square kilometers, spreading to the west, center and parts of the northern coasts of the ...
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Abstract The ancient Lor ethnicity is a branch of Iranian nomads who have gone through the ups and downs of history. Although it has lost much of its historical territory, it occupies an area as large as 123,000 square kilometers, spreading to the west, center and parts of the northern coasts of the Persian Gulf. The ethnicity is classified into the two branches of the Greater Lor and the Smaller Lor. The Daz River defines the demarcation line between the territories of these two branches. Each of these branches has its own closed lifestyle in Iran's central mountains. An ancient culture with amazing phenomena based on internal laws and inventions govern the ethnicity. We can still observe in their daily life parts of these internal phenomena of different strata. One of these ancient and historical phenomena is communication in order to make decisions on ruling the strata which is closely linked to their biological lifestyle. This is because the vast and scattered strata in mountains should be supported by a center from which they can ask for their needs related to natural and human events. Traditional vocal-verbal form of informing is a need with different rules and types, each of which contains special concepts and is expressed in a special way. Everyone has a duty to participate in these traditional speeches and perform their duties in their stratum. This paper attempts to mention some of these traditional events among the Greater Lor community, especially Bakhtiari, Boyer Ahmad and Bahmaie Lors.
Rahim Furizeh; gholamali heshmati; Hossein barani
Abstract
Indigenous knowledge, as an important part of the culture of all regions, includes the conditions in which humans adapt with the ecosystem. Generally, it is ethnographic responsibility to record and gather this knowledge. One of the effective ways in ethnographic researches is recording indigenous knowledge ...
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Indigenous knowledge, as an important part of the culture of all regions, includes the conditions in which humans adapt with the ecosystem. Generally, it is ethnographic responsibility to record and gather this knowledge. One of the effective ways in ethnographic researches is recording indigenous knowledge in the field of cooking by the use of different plants in their habitat being completely involved in socio-cultural issues. Accordingly, it is the subject of ethnography and anthropology as well. The first step of this study, done in Dilegan rangeland in kohgiloye and Boirahmad province, was identifying plants that all or parts of their organs were used as a main course or flavors. The plants consisted of different vegetative forms of trees, forbs and shrubs, like fruits, leaves, pedicel and bulbs. After that, free interviewing and participatory observations were applied in order to gather the name and also the way of cooking local food prepared by nomads. Finally, 21 edible plants were identified and 24 ways of cooking plants were written and recorded. Results show that one of the magnificent aspects of nomadic life is using various plants in the preparation of traditional dishes having been passed down from generation to generation by their mothers. Providing the food in the tribal families is in such a way in most of which plants are used as a main course or flavors.
Gholamali Heshmati; Hossein Barani
Abstract
As ways of learning, understanding and also attitude toward the world, indigenous knowledge is defined as the result of years of experience and problem-solving via trial and error by groups of people having applied natural resources in their surrounding environment. Stock holders, including tribal and ...
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As ways of learning, understanding and also attitude toward the world, indigenous knowledge is defined as the result of years of experience and problem-solving via trial and error by groups of people having applied natural resources in their surrounding environment. Stock holders, including tribal and rural societies in Iran, have had valuable savings in the field of indigenous knowledge in range management for many years that is cultural and social potential of this ancient community. This research was conducted on principles of classification and nominalization of environmental components as an important factor in the rangeland classification system from the perspective of indigenous knowledge. Data collection was carried out through interviews in nomads' residence and participatory observation through survey research. Key concepts were then extracted from natives' narrative knowledge. The results indicate that nomads have subtle and detailed observations about the classification system that is completely corresponded with local conditions. As they have separate classifications for each surrounding environmental components. Accordingly, they classify rangeland based on topographic features, temperature, vegetation, soil, water resources, land use and access road for every part of which they have separate definition. These parts are named and defined in such a way that for a majority of locals are known as practical concepts. While there is no publication for this kind of categorization system, the environmental culture causes nomads living in that area to make use of this system.
حسین میرزائی
Abstract
Since its inception, anthropology has paid special attention to health, hygiene, disease, treatment and medical affairs, and has devoted a detailed field of anthropology to this matter. This article seeks to examine the mechanisms of traditional prevention and treatment among immigrants and its effects ...
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Since its inception, anthropology has paid special attention to health, hygiene, disease, treatment and medical affairs, and has devoted a detailed field of anthropology to this matter. This article seeks to examine the mechanisms of traditional prevention and treatment among immigrants and its effects on the modern Iranian medical system. Using the ethnographic method for data collection: the use of documentary studies, deep semi-structured interviews and participant observation and also personal notes on the research ground of the Qa'im Qom Township , the researcher has been able to collect and analyze the first handed data. The data of this research are mainly collected in the summer of 1397 and the sampling is based on theoretical requirements of the work and purposefully formulated. It initially deals with common diseases among migrants, and then immigrants will encounter these medical affairs based on their traditional and cultural beliefs. Preventive and traditional treatments among Afghan immigrants in Iran are more than modern treatments on the scene of their everyday lives.
